RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT CSIR – CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE In-house Review and Research Planning Fening Okwae Ken Entomologist (Plant Health Division)

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN, Developing Integrated Management Strategies for Millipedes (Diplopoda) Infesting Cassava and other Root and Tuber Crops in the Western Region of Ghana – WAAPP - CARGS 2.Impact of Cropping Systems on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) population dynamics in two ecozones in Ghana: Implications for control of African Cassava Mosaic Disease - WAAPP 3.Sustainable management of insect pests of vegetables in Ghana (Cabbage, Okra, Eggplant, Lettuce, French beans) using homemade plant extracts- (garlic, hot pepper, garlic/hot pepper) 4.Evaluation of cowpea lines for resistance to insect pests following monitored insecticides application regime - AGRA

Impact of Cropping Systems on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) population dynamics in two ecozones in Ghana: Implications for control of African Cassava Mosaic Disease Research team: Dr. Fening Okwae Ken - Entomologist Dr. Aduening, Joe-Manu - Breeder and Agronomist Dr. Lamptey J. N.L –CRI – Virologist Dr. Grace Arku Bolfrey- Weed Scientist Dr. Owusu-Akyaw Michael - Entomologist Dr. Mochiah Moses Brandford – Entomologist Dr. Haruna Braimah - Entomologist Mr. Adiyiah Benjamin – SRI - Soil Scientist Mr. Amoabeng Blankson Wadie- Entomology Mr. Adama Ibrahim -Entomologist Technical staff Source of funding: WAAPP

Collaborating institutions : CRI and SRI Start date : June 2010 Date of completion: December 2012 Locations of Research trials: Kwadaso and Ejura Kwadaso cassava field Ejura cassava field

Study objective: Quantify B. tabaci population on cassava-cowpea intercrop and cultivar mix and its effect on root yield and quality Cropping systemsFresh root yield (tons/ha) KwadasoEjura Sole Akosua tuntum37.33 ± 8.11DC17.33 ± 5.33C Sole Doku-duade65.00 ± 13.00ABCD42.33 ± 1.76B Sole Ampong93.00 ± 3.51AB65.67 ± 4.41A Sole Afisiafi ± 12.44A39.67 ± 0.88B Akosua tuntum + Nhyira intercrop27.00 ± 3.61D12.67 ± 0.33C Doku-duade + Nhyira intercrop59.33 ± 3.18BCD38.33 ± 8.67B Ampong + Nhyira intercrop ±13.84A44.67 ± 2.91B Afisiafi + Nhyira intercrop85.33 ± 15.67ABC34.33 ± 5.24B Cultivar mix58.50 ± 17.00BCD43.24 ± 1.94B df8, 26 F P0.0002* ˂ * Fresh root yield of cassava planted under different cropping systems in 2010 at Kwadaso and Ejura.

Cropping systems No. of roots with millipede holes (%) Number of millipede holes per root No. of rotten tubers per plant stand No. of millipedes per plant stand No. of termites per plant stand No. of black ants per plant stand No. of centipedes per plant stand Sole Akosua tuntum 7.39 ± 0.81B0.53 ± 0.18B1.00 ± 0.29A0.43 ± 0.09C0.00 ± 0.00B0.20 ± 0.06C0.91 ± 0.38B Sole Doku-duade 6.80 ± 1.95B0.13 ± 0.03C0.13 ± 0.03B3.67 ± 0.88A1.10 ± 0.10B5.40 ±0.49B0.00 ± 0.00B Sole Ampong ± 4.25A0.87 ± 0.07A0.07 ± 0.03B1.67 ± 0.20ABC14.90 ± 2.72A5.87 ± 0.87B0.00 ± 0.00B Sole Afisiafi 0.76 ± 0.39B0.00 ± 0.00C0.00 ± 0.00B2.57 ± 0.69AB0.00 ± 0.00B1.43 ± 0.30C0.56 ± 0.11B Akosua tuntum + Nhyira intercrop 4.74 ± 0.88B0.07 ± 0.03C0.07 ± 0.03B0.33 ±0.04C0.44 ± 0.08B1.89 ± 0.31C0.21 ± 0.07B Doku-duade + Nhyira intercrop 2.63 ±0.43B0.40 ± 0.12BC1.27 ± 0.07A1.33 ± 0.19BC0.22 ± 0.08B5.78 ± 1.06B0.10 ± 0.06B Ampong + Nhyira intercrop 0.00 ± 0.00B0.00 ± 0.00C1.00 ± 0.29A2.56 ± 0.63AB11.78 ± 0.97A1.44 ± 0.29C0.10 ± 0.06B Afisiafi + Nhyira intercrop 0.67 ± 0.17B0.37 ± 0.13BC0.00 ± 0.00B2.00 ± 0.29ABC3.11 ± 0.67B6.11 ± 1.06B0.00 ± 0.00B Cultivar mix 2.16 ± 0.58B0.22 ± 0.01BC1.08 ± 0.04A3.42 ± 0.32A12.17 ± 1.08A9.60 ± 0.65A2.08 ± 0.60A df8, 26 F P ˂ * * ˂ * * Soil arthropods of fresh cassava and damage by millipedes on harvested fresh roots at Kwadaso in September 2011

Harvested cassava (Doku-duade) at Kwadaso, 2011

Effect of attack by soil arthropods on cassava root quality

Sustainable management of insect pests of vegetables in Ghana (Cabbage, Okra, Eggplant, Lettuce, French beans) using homemade plant extracts- (garlic, hot pepper, garlic/hot pepper) Research team: Dr. Fening Okwae Ken Mr. Amoabeng B. Wadie Mr. Seth O. Ekyem Dr. Owusu-Akyaw, M. Dr. M. B. Mochiah Dr. Haruna Braimah Mr. Adama Ibrahim Technical staff: Mr. Anthony Gyimah Mr. Adama Amadu Mr. Augustine Agyekum

1). Garlic 1 (10g of garlic L -1 of water) 2). Garlic 2 (20g of garlic L -1 of water) 3). Garlic 3 (30g of garlic L -1 of water) 4). Pepper 1 (10 g of pepper L -1 of water) 5). Pepper 2 ( 20g of pepper L -1 of water) 6). Pepper 3 (30g of pepper L -1 of water) 7). Garlic + pepper (10g of garlic + 10g of pepper L -1 of water) 8). BOSSMATE ® 2.5EC (Lambda-cyhalothrin) - 2.4ml L -1 of water (800ml ha -1 ), 9). ATTACK ® (Emamectin Benzoate) - 1ml L -1 of water (300ml ha -1 ) 10). Control - only water was sprayed Application rates

Cabbage field at Kwadaso, 2011

Treatments Weight per cabbage head (Kg) Total yield of cabbage heads (t/ha) No. of cabbages with multiple heads (%) Garlic ± 0.06AB38.96 ± 2.00ABC13.33 ± 2.20AB Garlic ± 0.06D22.98 ± 2.01E20.73 ± 9.40AB Garlic ± 0.04ABC33.04 ±1.43CDE20.73 ± 10.05AB Pepper ± 0.10CD22.93 ± 2.82E29.43 ± 6.09A Pepper ± 0.07A43.86 ± 2.43AB15.27 ± 5.78AB Pepper ± 0.07AB36.94 ± 2.32BCD19.80 ± 10.27AB Garlic + pepper 0.92 ± 0.05BCD32.25 ± 1.82CDE11.93 ± 2.41AB ATTACK ® 1.21 ± 0.10AB46.83 ± 3.84A3.50 ± 3.50AB BOSSMATE ® 0.71 ± 0.06D28.53 ± 2.30DE0.00 ± 0.00B Control 1.09 ± 0.11AB31.61 ± 3.20CDE27.47 ± 14.74AB df9, 29 F P< Mean (± SE) head weight, yield and number of multiple heads of cabbage treated with homemade plant products and planted during the major season of 2010, Kwadaso, Kumasi.

Treatments Weight per cabbage head (Kg) Total yield of cabbage heads (t/ha) No. of cabbages with multiple heads (%) Garlic ± 0.02AB47.70 ± 6.41B13.65 ± 6.90A Garlic ± 0.08B41.40 ± 4.04B5.56 ± 5.56A Garlic ± 0.04AB45.13 ± 8.14B9.26 ± 4.90A Pepper ± 0.07AB52.47 ± 1.56B7.62 ± 3.82A Pepper ± 0.04A74.10 ± 2.71A0.00 ± 0.00B Pepper ± 0.09AB50.80 ± 3.58B20.38 ± 4.91A Garlic + pepper 0.88 ± 0.07AB54.73 ± 3.32B18.52 ± 1.85A ATTACK ® 0.83 ±0.03AB51.30 ± 1.21B0.00 ± 0.00B BOSSMATE ® 0.74 ± 0.01AB51.80 ± 1.62B8.34 ± 1.60A Control 0.85 ± 0.12AB41.33 ± 6.77B17.41 ± 7.41A df9,29 F P Mean (± SE) head weight, yield and number of multiple heads of cabbage treated with homemade plant products and planted during the major season of 2011, Kwadaso, Kumasi.

Treatments AphidWhitefly Flea beetlesDBMSpidersLadybird Pepper Pepper Pepper Garlic Garlic Garlic Garlic + pepper ATTACK® BOSSMATE® Percentage reduction in weekly population of insect pests/natural enemies recorded per cabbage after spraying during the major season of 2010 at Kwadaso, Kumasi, Ghana

Number of borer holes by millipedes, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.), Spodoptera sp. and snails in cabbage heads ranged between 0.07 to 0.57

Aphid infestation Weighing cabbage head

French bean at Kwadaso, 2011 field

Treatments % reduction in PSBs damage % reduction in M. sjostedti Pods with borer holes (%) * Fresh pod yield (t/ha) Garlic ± 0.34AB67.60 ± 10.93A13.13 ± 1.66B5.69 ± 0.37B Pepper ± 1.67A43.76 ± 6.68B6.78 ± 1.14C8.81 ± 0.68A Garlic + pepper ± 3.52A10.54 ± 0.98C11.13 ± 1.82B6.02 ± 0.38B ATTACK® 9.32 ± 1.48B78.64 ± 0.68A5.24 ± 0.23C6.28 ± 0.12B Control ± 1.63A5.02 ± 0.10B df3,11 4, 14 F P Mean yield of green pods of French bean and insect pests’ damage during the minor season of 2011 at Kwadaso, Kumasi. * Maruca vitrata, Helicoverpa armigera PSBs (Pods Sucking Bugs): Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Riptortus dentipes, Nezara virudula and Dysdercus superstitiosus

RESEARCH TEAM Dr. Fening Okwae Ken - Entomologist Dr. Hans Adu- Dapaah - Breeder Mr. Sylvester Addy - Breeder Mr. Amoabeng Blankson Wadie- Mr. Adama Ibrahim- Entomologist Evaluation of cowpea lines for resistance to insect pests following monitored insecticides application regime

Sp rayed plotsunsprayed plots The sprayed and unsprayed cowpea field at Kwadaso, 2011 major season

Mean (±SE) score for aphids, thrips, and proportion of pods infested with the legume pod borer on different cowpea lines/varieties under monitored spraying/no spray regime, 2011 at Kwadaso, Kumasi.

TreatmentsNo. of PSBs * No. of Lagria villosa No. of Cheilomenes sp. IT94K ± ± 2.33B1.33 ± 0.89 IT93K ± ± 1.67C0.33 ± 0.33 IT95K ± ± 1.33C0.33 ± 0.33 IT89KD ± ± 1.00C0.67 ± 0.33 NHYIRA 0.33 ± ± 2.00B1.00 ± 0.58 BENGPLA 1.00 ± ± 1.67A2.00 ± 1.53 SANZISABINLI 0.67 ± ± 0.33D1.00 ± 0.58 UGANDA (local) 0.67 ± ± 0.33B1.00 ± 0.58 df7, 23 F P ˂ Mean number of pests and natural enemy on different cowpea lines/varieties planted under no spray regime during the major season of 2011 at Kwadaso in Kumasi, Ghana.

TreatmentsDry grain yield (Kg ha -1 ) Yield increase (%) Sprayed plotUnsprayed plot IT94K ± ± ± 9.05 IT93K ± ± ± 6.10 IT95K ± ± ± 2.51 IT89KD ± ± ± 3.97 NHYIRA ± ± ± BENGPLA ± ± ± 9.49 SANZISABINLI ± ± ± 8.63 UGANDA (local) ± ± ± 6.97 df7, 23 F P Mean dry grain yield and % yield increase of different cowpea lines/varieties planted under monitored and no spray regimes during the major season of 2011 at Kwadaso in Kumasi.

Monitored spraying No spraying Cowpea field at Kwadaso, 2011

RESEARCH WORK Developing Integrated Management Strategies for Millipedes (Diplopoda) Infesting Cassava and other Root and Tuber Crops in the Western Region of Ghana – WAAPP - CARGS 2.On- farm testing of pepper extract (20g/L of water) in managing key insect pests of cabbage, lettuce and French bean 3.Impact of Cropping Systems on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) population dynamics in two ecozones in Ghana: Implications for control of African Cassava Mosaic Disease - WAAPP

Publications 2011 Fening, K.O., Manu-Aduening, J.A., Lamptey, J.N.L., Adiyiah, B., Owusu-Akyaw, M., Mochiah, M.B., Amoabeng, B.W. and Arku-Bolfrey, G.(2011). Impact of Cropping systems on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) population in two ecozones in Ghana: Implications for the control of the African Cassava Mosaic Disease. Page 57. In: Book of Abstracts. West Africa Root and Tuber Crops Conference, Mensvic Grand Hotel, East Legon, Accra, 12th – 16th September Fening, K.O., Owusu-Akyaw, M., Mochiah, M.B., Amoabeng, B., Narveh, E. & Ekyem, S.O. (2011). Sustainable management of insect pests of green cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L. (Brassicaceae), using homemade extracts from garlic and hot pepper. Pages In: Pest and disease management. Organic Crop Production Volume 1: Organic is Life, Knowledge for Tomorrow. Proceedings of the Third Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 17 th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Namyangju, Korea, 28 September - 1 October Fening, K.O., Adu-Dapaah, H., Addy, S. and Amoabeng, B. W. (2011). Evaluation of 15 cowpea lines for resistance to insect pests following monitored insecticides application regime. Page 31 in: Book of abstracts of the 19th biannual meeting and Scientific Conference of the African Association of Insect Scientists. November 9th-11th Duduville, icipe, Nairobi, Kenya. Mochiah, M. B., Banful, B., Fening, K. O., Amoabeng, B. W., Offei-Bonsu, K., Ekyem, S.O., Braimah, H. and Owusu-Akyaw M. (2011). Botanicals for the management of insect pests in organic vegetable production. Journal of Entomology and Nematology Vol. 3(6):

THANKS FOR LISTENING