Annex 2 – Rules of the Air Annex 2 – Rules of the Air Annex 3 – Meteorological Services Annex 3 – Meteorological Services Annex 6 – Operation of aircraft and helicopters Annex 6 – Operation of aircraft and helicopters Annex 10 – Communications Annex 10 – Communications Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services Annex 13 – Aircraft Accident Investigation Annex 13 – Aircraft Accident Investigation Annex 14 – Aerodrome and Heliport Design & Operations Annex 14 – Aerodrome and Heliport Design & Operations Annex 17 – Security and Unlawful Interference Annex 17 – Security and Unlawful Interference Other Annexes that discuss emergency situations involving aircraft: International conventions for SAR: Chicago Convention 19

Maritime SAR Convention (1979) Provides a framework for carrying out SAR operations in the maritime environment International conventions for SAR 20

Chapter 1 – Terms and definitions used Chapter 1 – Terms and definitions used Chapter 2 – Organization and co-ordination of SAR services Chapter 2 – Organization and co-ordination of SAR services Chapter 3 – Co-operation between States Chapter 3 – Co-operation between States Chapter 4 – Overview of Rescue Co-ordination Centre and Rescue Sub-Center operating procedures Chapter 4 – Overview of Rescue Co-ordination Centre and Rescue Sub-Center operating procedures Chapter 5 – Requirements of ship reporting systems Chapter 5 – Requirements of ship reporting systems 21

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention(1974) International conventions for SAR “Other” SAR Conventions 22

Considered one of the most important international treaties concerning merchant ship safety Considered one of the most important international treaties concerning merchant ship safety Specifies minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety Specifies minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety Flag States responsible for ensuring ships under their flag comply with its requirements Flag States responsible for ensuring ships under their flag comply with its requirements International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 23

Chapter V: Safety of navigation Regulation 33 – Distress situations: obligations and procedures Obligates the ship’s master at sea to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea regardless of nationality or status of the persons in distress International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 24

1. The master of a ship at sea which is in a position to be able to provide assistance, on receiving information from any source that persons are in distress at sea, is bound to proceed with all speed to their assistance, if possible informing them or the search and rescue service that the ships is doing so. This obligation to provide assistance applies regardless of the nationality or status of such person or the circumstance in which they are found. 25

International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 1. (continued) If the ship receiving the distress alert is unable or, in the special circumstances of the case, considers it unreasonable or unnecessary to proceed to their assistance, the master must enter in the log-book the reason for failing to proceed to the assistance of the persons in distress, taking into account the recommendation of the Organization to inform the appropriate search and rescue service accordingly. 26

Obligated to assist masters of ships providing assistance to persons in distress in order to minimize the impact to the ships’ intended voyage. Obligated to assist masters of ships providing assistance to persons in distress in order to minimize the impact to the ships’ intended voyage. Paragraph 1-1 – Contracting Governments are: International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention Chapter V: Safety of navigation Regulation 33 – Distress situations: obligations and procedures 27

Primarily responsible for co- ordinating and co-operating with the master of the ship conducting the rescue operation if the rescue occurred within its SAR region. Primarily responsible for co- ordinating and co-operating with the master of the ship conducting the rescue operation if the rescue occurred within its SAR region. Responsible for arranging for disembarkation to a place of safety the persons rescued as soon as reasonably practicable. Responsible for arranging for disembarkation to a place of safety the persons rescued as soon as reasonably practicable. Paragraph 1-1 (continued) International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 28

1.1 Contracting Governments shall co-ordinate and co-operate to ensure that masters of ships providing assistance by embarking persons in distress at sea are released from their obligations with minimum further deviation from the ship’s intended voyage, provided that releasing the master of the ship from the obligations under the current regulation does not further endanger the safety of life at sea. 29

International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 1.1 (continued) The Contracting Government responsible for the search and rescue region in which such assistance is rendered shall exercise primary responsibility for ensuring such co- ordination and co-operation occurs, so that survivors assisted are disembarked from the assisting ship and delivered to a place of safety, taking into account the particular circumstances of the case... In these cases the relevant Contracting Governments shall arrange for such disembarkation to be effected as soon as reasonably practicable. 30

International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention 1.1 (continued) The Contracting Government responsible for the search and rescue region in which such assistance is rendered shall exercise primary responsibility for ensuring such co- ordination and co-operation occurs, so that survivors assisted are disembarked from the assisting ship and delivered to a place of safety, taking into account the particular circumstances of the case... In these cases the relevant Contracting Governments shall arrange for such disembarkation to be effected as soon as reasonably practicable. 31

International conventions for SAR: SOLAS Convention Placeofsafety 1.A location where rescue operations are considered to terminate; 2.Where a survivor’s safety of life is no longer threatened and where their basic human needs (such as food, shelter and medical needs) can be met; and 3.A place from which transportation arrangements can be made for the survivor’s next or final destination. Reference: IAMSAR Manual - Volume I 32

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) International conventions for SAR 33

Article 98: Duty to render assistance Obligates States to require masters flying their flag, to render assistance to persons in distress at sea (if able to do so) Obligates States to require masters flying their flag, to render assistance to persons in distress at sea (if able to do so) International conventions for SAR: UNCLOS Requires ships, after a collision at sea, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew and it’s passengers Requires ships, after a collision at sea, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew and it’s passengers 34

Article 98 – Duty to render assistance 1. Every State shall require the master of a ship flying its flag, in so far as he can do so without serious danger to the ship, the crew or the passengers: 35

a) to render assistance to any person found at sea in danger of being lost; b) to proceed with all possible speed to the rescue of persons in distress, if informed of their need of assistance, in so far as such action may reasonably be expected of him; c) after a collision, to render assistance to the other ship, its crew and its passengers and, where possible, to inform the other ship of the name of his own ship, its port of registry and the nearest port at which it will call. 36