pág. 1 01/04/2009 INDUSTRIAL COMPRESSOR BASIS Julián Sáez Mateo

pág. 2 Juliian Saez Index 1.Introduction 2.Compressor types used in processing plants 3.Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors 4.Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types 5.Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives 6.Centrifugal compressors Índice

pág. 3 Juliian Saez Índice 1. Introduction

pág. 4 Juliian Saez Índice 1. Introduction - The transportation of vapors and gases, as well as the set of required pressure in different equipment and lines (reactors, instrument air lines..etc) is an important portion of the total operating cost of processing plants - The optimization of this unit operation can substantially lower the total operating cost of the plant - Compressors are gas transportation machines that perform the function of increasing the gas pressure by confinement or by kinetic energy conversion

pág. 5 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants

pág. 6 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants -Principal types of compressors used in processing plants: -Positive-displacement (pressurize gases through confinement) - Rotary (blower, helical-screw, lobe, sliding vane, liquid ring) - Reciprocating - Dynamic compressors (pressurize gases by acceleration) -Centrifugal

pág. 7 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Blower

pág. 8 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Sliding vane compressor ed--03Types_of_compressors.aspx ed--03Types_of_compressors.aspx

pág. 9 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Liquid ring compressor Typically used as a vacuum pump but can also be used as a gas compressor

pág. 10 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Helical-screw compressor

pág. 11 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Lobe compressor

pág. 12 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Reciprocating compressor

pág. 13 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Axial compressor

pág. 14 Juliian Saez Índice 2. Compressor types used in processing plants Centrifugal compressor s/images/aircomptypes/rotation_model.gif

pág. 15 Juliian Saez Índice 3. Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors

pág. 16 Juliian Saez Índice 3. Methods of capacity control for the Principal types of Compressors

pág. 17 Juliian Saez Índice 4. Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types

pág. 18 Juliian Saez Índice 4. Flow capacities and discharge pressures for different compressor types

pág. 19 Juliian Saez Índice 5. Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives

pág. 20 Juliian Saez Índice 5. Speed and flow capacity ranges of standard compressor drives (1 ft3/min = 1,7 m3/h)

pág. 21 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal compressors

pág. 22 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal Compressors The centrifugal compressor is a machine that converts the momentum of gas into a pressure head The dynamic compressor achieves a pressure rise by adding kinetic-energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller This kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in static pressure by slowing the flow through a diffuser

pág. 23 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal Compressors Rotor or impeller

pág. 24 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal Compressors Impeller – Diffuser

pág. 25 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal Compressors Diffuser

pág. 26 Juliian Saez Índice 6. Centrifugal Compressors

pág. 27 Juliian Saez Índice Sources Photos and Illustrations: Photos of compressors taken from internet Explanations: Instrument Engineers Handbook-Fourth Edition