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Aim: What was life like in the trenches? L29 Do Now: How does this image portray life as a soldier in the Great War?

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed wire Trench Warfare Cross-section of a front-line trench Each countries trench line was called “The Front”, this was where it was agreed that the fighting would take place. During WW 1 there were two fronts ---along the border of Germany and France (WESTERN FRONT) and between Germany and Russia (EASTERN FRONT)

What are the positives to the trench design?

Soldiers carried a variety of equipment This equipment was both a necessity and annoyance. For some it weighed them down and slowed them down when running.

British trench, France, July 1916 (during the Battle of the Somme) What stands out to you in this photo?

The area between the trenches was known as “no man’s land”. It was often muddy from the constant bombing.

French soldiers firing over their own dead

Men in the Trenches

Problems in the Trenches "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat." Trench Rats Many men killed in the trenches were buried almost where they fell. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats. Quotes from soldiers fighting in the trenches:

Officers walking through a flooded communication trench.

A photograph of a man suffering from trench foot. Trench Foot Another issue in the trench was Trench foot. This was caused by all of the moisture, dirt and garbage that was found in the trenches.

Debilitating Injuries Due to the methods used in trench warfare many men suffered horrible, many times life threatening injuries. Amputation was common for limbs wounded by bullets.

Poison Gas: some were used as stunning agents (tear gas) while others such as mustard gas left horrible burns and could be deadly if breathed in.

'Gassed'. Painting by John Singer Sargent, 1918/1919. This famous painting shows a group of soldiers who were injured by gas leading one another to the hospital station

British Vickers machine gun crew, western front, WWIVickers machine gun crew Machine Gun –They needed 4-6 men to fire them, however they had the fire power of 100 guns.

Western FrontWestern Front – over 400 miles of trenches across Belgium and France · Most offenses resulted in heavy casualties but gained little territory.