약물유전체학 Pharmacogenomics Kangwon National Univ School of Medicine Hee Jae Lee PhD.

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약물유전체학 Pharmacogenomics Kangwon National Univ School of Medicine Hee Jae Lee PhD

A : 안녕 ? 어떻게 지내 ? B : 응, 난 요즘 혈압이 조절이 안돼. A : 그래 ? 난 네가 고혈압인 줄 몰랐다. 괜찮니 ? B : 그리 오래 되지 않았어. 한 반 개월 정도. 우리 아버지 가 혈압이 높으셨거든. 형이랑 누나들도 혈압이 높은 것 같아. A : 나도 고혈압 때문에 병원에 다녀. Thiazide 먹어봤니 ? 내 의사는 그 약을 처방해주더라고. 난 그 것 먹고 좋아졌 어. 가끔은 머리가 아프지만 말이야. B : 이상하네. 실은 나도 그 약 먹고 있거든. 하지만 나한테 안 듣는 것 같은데. A : 내 쌍둥이 동생도 처음에는 효과가 없었다고 하더라고. 그런데, 짠 음식 피하고, 식이요법을 한 결과 혈압이 떨어 졌다고 하던데 너도 음식 조절 좀 해보지. B : 너도 알다시피 내가 좀 신겁게 먹고, 야채도 많이 먹잖 니. 게다가 몸 생각해서 운동도 열심히 한다고. 근데 왜 나 는 이 약이 안 듣지 ?

증상, 진단 : 고혈압 요인 유전 고 염분 식사 운동 부족 처방 항고혈압 약물 : 이뇨제 (thiazide) 식이요법 운동

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University Drugs work better for some people than for others. D i f f e r e n c e o f B i o l o g i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n

Levels of Biological Information DNA* RNA* Polypeptide* Protein structure Protein function Protein interaction pathways Cellular dynamics Tissue interactions Organism (phenotype) Population dynamics *almost complete knowledge

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University Gene and Genome ( 유전자와 유전체 ) Gene - DNA (1953 yr) Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine An antiparallel double helix Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Replication TranslationTranscription James Watson & Francis Crick

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University - Information When, Where, How much, What kind of Gene and Genome

Chromosome - 46 Chromosome (23 pairs) - about 28,000~35,000 genes Human Genome Project - Sequence 3.1 billion of genetic code - Began in Draft in Finished in 2003

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University Gene and Genome SequencingAssembly

4,200 genes sequenced in ,800 genes sequenced in ,000 genes sequenced in 2000 E. coli S. cerevisiae D. melanogaster mouse chimpanzee human ~22,500 genes sequenced in 2005 ~22,500 genes sequenced in 2005 ~22,500 genes sequenced in 2003 Many genomes are now sequenced!!!

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University Polymorphism ( 다형성 ) The existence of two or more variants (alleles, phenotypes, sequence variants, chromosomal structure variants) at significant frequency in the population. ( a frequency > 1% in a population) Human differences and mutations

Department of Pharmacology Kangwon National University Human genetic markers - Blood group ( ) : ~20 (No. of loci) - Electrophoretic mobility variants of serum protein ( ) : ~30 - HLA tissue types (1970- ) : 1 (haplotype) - DNA RFLPs (1975- ) : > DNA VNTRs (minisatellites) (1985- ) : > DNA VNTRs (microsatellites) (1989- ) : > DNA SNPs (1989- ) : > 10 6 Human differences and mutations

Alter regulation of gene expression, mRNA processing (splicing, half-life, etc), and protein and enzyme activities. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA sequence variations that occur when a single nucleotide (A,T,C,or G) in the genome sequence is altered.

약물 반응과 유전학 ( 약물유전학 ) Pharmacogenetics ( 약물유전학 ) 약물반응에 대한 개인적 차이에 대하여 유전적 수 준에서 연구하는 학문 Pharmacogenetics ( 약물유전학 ) 약물반응에 대한 개인적 차이에 대하여 유전적 수 준에서 연구하는 학문

Pharmacogenomics( 약물유전체학 ) 약물에 대한 개개인의 인체의 반응을 유전체 수준에 서 연구하는 학문 proteomics, bioinformatics,microarray 포함 맞춤 의약품 개발에 활용 개인 맟춤 약물 요법

약동학

약력학

NormalMutation

Evans and McLeod NEJM 348 (6): 538

Genetic polymorphism of drug targets Evans and McLeod NEJM 348 (6): 538

대사효소의 인종적 차이 CaucasiansAfrica AmericansAsians NAT2, slow acetylator40-70%50-60%10-15% CYP2D6/null (PM)6-10%5%1% CYP2C19/null (PM)2%4%, 18%12-23% CYP2C9/het/low (PM)14-37%0-8%0-1% beta-2 adrenergic receptor (codon 16) 37%49%59& PM : poor metabolizer From Bertilsson (1995); Evans et al., (2001); Mancinelli (2000); Meyer (2000); Wood (2001); Wilson et al., (2001)

Examples of dose adjustments based on PGDx.

In the Future.

Here is my sequence....

In the future?

In the future? GATACA?