Kari Wauhkonen (FIN)  Competitions Director of Finnish Athletics since 1995  T&F athlete until 1971 (Long Jump and Sprints)  14 National Titles, 8 times in the National Team  Member of IAAF Technical Committee since 1999  Director of Competition Department European Championships 1994  National Competition Delegate World Championships 2005  ATO since 1996  ITO since 2001  TD at European Championships 2002, European Indoor Championships 2005  Spar European Cup 2001, 2002, 2004  World Youth Championships 2007

Judges’ Preparation for the World Championships 2005 in Helsinki Birmingham, April 9 th, 2006 Kari Wauhkonen

Judges’ Classification in Finland Starting level: ”Basic Official” ”Basic Judge” level ”Referee” level ”Manager” level NTO EAA, IAAF SUL Newcomers Experienced Starters, speakers, etc. Education

Selection of Judges; criteria  Basic criterion: Every judge on 3rd level or higher. Officials (not in judging positions) did not need that.  Leading judges: 4th or 5th level required.  Language skills: Referees and persons serving the teams (TIC, Call Room, etc.) must speak at least English. Additional languages an advantage of course.  On all levels a special effort to find more women than before. The result was 24%.  A reasonable rotation of generations. A special effort to introduce new talented judges between 20 and 40 years.

Selection of Judges; quotas  1/3 of the Panel: Persons specially selected from all over the country for their known skills and expertise. All leading judges were included in this group.  1/3 of the Panel: Special quota for Helsinki area (three districts); basic judges and officials.  1/3 of the Panel: Special quota for the 18 districts outside Helsinki area; basic judges and officials.

Overall size of the Panel  Management of Competition Department  Leading judges  Basic judges and officials  Extras for race walking and marathons  TOTAL Plus: Appr. 200 volunteers (basket carriers, etc.)

Age distribution of the Panel  20 or less       71 or more 1.8 % 13.1 % 31.5 % 27.3 % 12.5 % 0.9 % (Excluding the volunteers)

Field event group; example  Referee  Chief Judge  Flagman  1st Secretary  2nd Secretary  Countdown operator  Crossbar 1  Crossbar 2  Uprights operator  Jumping order controller  Contact person for Event Presentation High Jump Plus: ITO, Epson operator, TV supervisor

Competition Department COMPETITION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN MrSeppo Martiskainen COMPETITION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN MrSeppo Martiskainen TrackEvents MrHarri Holmberg TrackEvents MrHarri Holmberg ASSISTANT COMPETITION DIRECTOR MrMika Muukka +358 (0) ASSISTANT COMPETITION DIRECTOR MrMika Muukka DIRECTOR OF COMPETITION MrPekka Paakkanen DIRECTOR OF COMPETITION MrPekka Paakkanen NATIONAL COMPETITION DELEGATE MrKariWauhkonen +358 (0) NATIONAL COMPETITION DELEGATE MrKariWauhkonen FieldEvents MrPentti Järvinen FieldEvents MrPentti Järvinen WalkingEvents MrValentin Kononen WalkingEvents MrValentin Kononen TechnicalDirector MrVesamatti Laakso TechnicalDirector MrVesamatti Laakso CompetitionOffices&CallRoom MrTorsten Lindquist CompetitionOffices&CallRoom MrTorsten Lindquist Marathons MrHarri Mannermaa Marathons MrHarri Mannermaa CompetitionVolunteers MrsMaarit Ovaska CompetitionVolunteers MrsMaarit Ovaska Judges&Officials MrHannu Nurmi Judges&Officials MrHannu Nurmi TrainingVenues MrMikko Vuorinen TrainingVenues MrMikko Vuorinen PRESIDENT Ilkka Kanerva CEOMrAntti Pihlakoski PRESIDENT Ilkka Kanerva CEOMrAntti Pihlakoski COORDINATOR, COMPETITION Ms Essi Linnola +358 (0) COORDINATOR, COMPETITION Ms Essi Linnola

High-level courses  The Manager and NTO level courses, in their present form, were started in 2004, a perfect chance of combining it with the World Championships preparation!  All leading judges and a number of invited persons attended the Manager level course and examination in May  The competition leadership, all referees and a number of invited persons attended the NTO level course and examination in November  [ Promoting people to those levels after the examinations was kept separate from the WCH preparation. ]

Subjects in level 4 course  Rules and other general subjects  Role, duties and powers of a Meeting Manager  Role, duties and powers of a Technical Manager  Planning of timetables  Functioning of a competition office  Safety questions in a competition arena  Organising video control in different events  Organising the work of a Call Room  Etc.

Subjects in level 5 course  Special repetition of difficult and/or little known Rules  Philosophy of the Rules; ability to interpret the Rules  Working in a Jury of Appeal  Role, duties and powers of Technical Delegates  Role, duties and powers of the ITOs  Organising and chairing a Technical Meeting  Organising the work of the Technical Information Centre  Advertising Regulations  Etc.

Other courses  All different sectors organised their internal courses concentrating on their own special area:  Track events, field events, road events, combined events  Call Room, TIC, start team, video control team  Technical personnel (Stadium staff, implement control)  Etc.  Most of the sub-groups kept their own planning/learning sessions under the respective leader’s direction.  Judges were also encouraged to attend volunteers’ education sessions to get general information on WCH.

Graphic timetable; example

Practical training before WCH  Sometimes difficult because people were from all parts of the country.  Each field event group met once or twice and worked in its WCH composition in national or international meetings.  Most of the leading judges had the opportunity to officiate in Helsinki Grand Prix two weeks before the WCH. This meeting served also as training between the competition sites and the Event Presentation Manager!  Final test for the whole Panel of Judges one day before the WCH in a juniors’ meeting at the Olympic Stadium.

Referee - Chief Judge  In 1983 and 1994 we had a Referee for Jumping Events and a Referee for Throwing Events. It didn’t work!  Now we had in every field event group both a Referee and a Chief Judge. It did work!  Chief Judge: The foreman of the group. Normally an elder judge with lots of experience. Not necessarily very skilled in foreign languages.  Referees: Normally selected from the younger generation. With good schooling (passed the highest courses recently) and good command of English, and sometimes more languages. Many of them were women.

TDs, ITOs - What, Who, Why?  Experiences from earlier Championships showed that local judges are suspicious of ”outside supervisors”.  We made a special effort to explain why the TDs and ITOs are there, what they are doing and what their powers are.  In the level 5 course there were special lectures about the role, duties and powers of these international officials.  We even showed photos of our TDs and ITOs in advance and gave personal data on their activities during the past years.  It worked!

Clean infield - Is it possible?  Who are all the persons in the infield?  Athletes and judges, of course, and the ITOs  Photographers, TV personnel  Technical Partners’ operators and technicians  Stadium personnel and advertising controllers  Doping Control stewards  Etc., etc.  Can we help by decreasing the number of judges?  We might be able to take 1 to 2 judges away from each group, but does anybody see the difference???

What changed from 1983, 1994?  In fact, not very much! But of course…  The judges’ courses were more comprehensive and more ”internationally” orientated.  More tasks performed by IAAF’s Technical Partners.  More international officials helping the local organisation.  More Referees! Now one Referee in every group, even in the Call Room.  Earlier there was more job rotation, field event groups working part of the time in the Call Room and in the TIC. Now permanent personnel in these places.