In describing a person’s cancer what would T2 mean? In describing a person’s cancer what does M1 mean? In describing a person’s cancer what does N0 mean? Which describes the progression or spread in the body of cancer stage or grade? What type of biopsy would be done to a cancerous mole? What type of biopsy would be done to a polyp on the colon?

The word cancer comes from the Latin (originally Greek) derived term for crab, because of the way a cancer adheres to any part that it seizes upon in an obstinate manner like the crab. Hippocrates first described cancer as having a central body with the tendency to reach out and spread like "the arms of a crab."

What Do All Have In Common ? Invasiveness Uncontrollability Group of Diseases Cellular Abnormality How are they unique Tissue Type LocationLocation Rate of Spread Cell Changes

DNA-Gene Mutations -Active Oncogenes Expressed (dominant mutation) only one gene needs to be effected -Tumor Suppressor Genes Lost (recessive mutation- both genes need to be suppressed) example p53

Smoking Diet Genetics Occupation and Environment Infectious Agents

CarcinomaCarcinoma- epithelial tissue SarcomaSarcoma- connective tissue (bones, tendons, cartilage, muscle and fat MyelomaMyeloma-plasma cells of bone marrow LeukemiaLeukemia- blood cells LymphomaLymphoma- glands or nodes of lymph system Mixed Types

TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Adult fibrous tissueFibromaFibrosarcoma Embryonic (myxomatous) fibrous tissue MyxomaMyxosarcoma FatLipomaLiposarcoma CartilageChondromaChondrosarcoma BoneOsteomaOsteosarcoma Notochord—Chordoma Connective tissue, probably fibrous Fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Blood vessels Hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma Hemangiosarcoma, angiosarcoma Lymph vesselsLymphangiomaLymphangiosarcoma Mesothelium—Mesotheliom TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Hematopoietic cells "Preleukemias", "myeloproliferative disorders" Leukemia, of various types; aleukemic leukemia Lymphoid tissuePlasmacytosis Plasmacytoma; multiple myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma and Non- Hodgkin lymphoma

TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Smooth muscleLeiomyomaLeiomyosarcoma Striated muscleRhabdomyomaRhabdomyosarcoma TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Glial cells (of several types) — Glioma, grades I-III, anaplastic; glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV) Nerve cells — — Ganglioneuroma Neuroblastoma Medulloblastoma — MeningesMeningiomaMalignant meningioma Nerve sheath Schwannoma, neurilemmoma Neurofibroma Malignant meningioma Malignant schwannoma Neurofibrosarcoma

TissueBenign TumorsMalignant Tumors Stratified squamous Papilloma Seborrheic keratosis and some skin adnexal tumors Squamous cell carcinoma; epidermoid carcinoma and some malignant skin adnexal tumors Glandular epithelium 1.Liver 2.Kidney 3.Bile duct Adenoma Hepatic adenoma Renal tubular adenoma Bile duct adenoma Adenocarcinoma Hepatoma: hepatocellular carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma; hypernephroma Cholangiocarcinoma Transitional epithelium Transitional cell papilloma Transitional cell carcinoma PlacentaHydatidiform moleChoriocarcinoma Testis— Seminoma; embryonal cell carcinoma

Skin Lungs Female Breasts Prostate Colon and Rectum Cervix and UterusUterus