Procalcitonin 정량검사의 평가

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Presentation transcript:

Procalcitonin 정량검사의 평가 면역혈청파트 정유진 2007.10. 4

Sepsis 의 정의와 진단 Infection Sepsis SIRS Sepsis is the Systemic Inflammatory Response caused by an infection „SIRS“ Criteria Temperature > 38°C or < 36°C Heart Rate > 90/min Tachypnoe > 20min or HRventilation (CO2 <32 Torr, 4.3kPa) Leukocytes > 12,000 or < 4,000/mm3 or > 10% immature neutrophiles Sepsis = SIRS + Infection Severe Sepsis= Sepsis + Organ Dysfunction Septic shock = Severe Sepsis + Hypotension inspite of fluid resuscitation Infection Sepsis SIRS Mediators Toxins M sepsis는 sirs에 세균의 감염이 동반된 경우를 말합니다. 이러한 sepsis는 환자의 치명률과 관련성이 높으므로 조기 진단과 치료가 중요합니다. 그런데 sepsis에 특이적이며 조기진단에 효율적인 marker가 마땅치 않습니다. 이번에 procalcitonin이라는 sepsis의 조기진단 지표가 나와서 이에대해 evaluation 해 보았습니다. ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference 1992

Procalcitonin (PCT) PCT : calcitonin의 prohormone. bacterial infection이 유발한 proinflammatory stimulation시에 여러 장기와 세포에서 분비됨. ※ Calcitonin : hormonal stimulation에 의하여 갑상선의 C세포에서 분비됨.

PCT 검사의 의의 Sepsis의 조기진단에 유용 Sepsis의 follow-up (치료효과) Antibiotics의 사용량, 기간 단축 효과

Sepsis의 조기진단에 유용 효과적인 조기진단 Neonates and paediatrics ICU / Emergency room Plasma concentration Time(hours)

PCT와 CRP 비교 Sepsis diagnosis in 101 consecutive critically ill patients PCT IL-6 CRP lactates Sepsis환자를 대상으로 한 다른 연구자의 결과에 의하면, PCT가 다른 염증 지표들에 비해서 월등히 높은 민감도와 특이도를 보였습니다. Müller et al., CCM 2000

Monitoring Typical course of PCT serum level according to patient’s response to antibiotic treatment Stiber F. 21st Int Congress of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Brussels 2001

PCT group Control group Antibiotics의 기간 단축 효과 Positive Negative PCT group Control group Blood Culture Christ-Crain M et al. Procalcitonin Guidance of Antibiotic Therapy in Community-acquired Pneumonia A Randomized Trial Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006, 174, 84-93

PCT Result 해석 PCT(ng/mL) 0.05 0.5 2 10 Clinical condition healthy 0.05 0.5 2 10 Clinical condition healthy Local infections Systemic Infections (sepsis) Severe sepsis Septic shock

Potential limitations and weaknesses of PCT 위양성: 화상, 수술, 심정지, 신생아(48hrs) 등 위음성: 조기 세균감염, 국부 감염, 바이러스에 의한 폐렴 ※ 따라서 PCT는 다른 검사 결과 및 임상증상과 함께 해석하여야 함. Tang et al, Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:210-217

How to measure PCT level? 반정량 검사 BRAHMS PCT–Q (rapid) 정량 검사 VIDAS® BRAHMS PCT (ELFA) BRAHMS Kryptor® PCT BRAHMS PCT LIA

Calibration stability ASSAY FEATURES Item Description 검체종류 혈장 (heparin) 또는 혈청 검체량 200μL 검출범위 0.05~200 ng/mL 검사소요시간 20분 Test/kit 60 test/kit Shelf life 9달 Calibration stability 28일

ASSAY FEATURES

방법 기간 : 2007년 7월 ~ 8월 검체 : CRP 의뢰된 임상검체 (153건) 혈액 배양이 의뢰된 환자 (159건) 검사법 : PCT : VIDAS® BRAHMS PCT (ELFA) CRP : Beckman Coulter® IMMAGE (Nephelometry)

Precision -C1, C2 CV? CV=3.69 CV=5.00

Precision-pool1,2 CV=4.30 CV=3.93 CV=2.27 CV= 2.47

전체 검체 결과 CRP ≥0.8 <0.8 PCT ≥2.0 9 <2.0 88 55 ≥1.0 17 1 <1.0 Specificity Sensitivity ≥0.8 <0.8 PCT ≥2.0 9 1.00 0.09 <2.0 88 55 ≥1.0 17 1 0.98 0.18 <1.0 80 54 ≥0.5 28 0.29 <0.5 69 ≥0.05 83 20 0.63 0.85 <0.05 15 34 앞에 보여드렸던 기준에 따른 표. CUT-OFF에 따라서 다른 민감도와 특이도를 보입니다.

혈액배양이 병행된 검체 결과 CRP ≥0.8 <0.8 PCT ≥2.0 52 1 <2.0 62 44 ≥1.0 58 2 Specificity Sensitivity ≥0.8 <0.8 PCT ≥2.0 52 1 0.98 0.46 <2.0 62 44 ≥1.0 58 2 0.96 0.51 <1.0 56 43 ≥0.5 69 0.61 <0.5 45 ≥0.05 109 28 0.38 <0.05 5 17 혈액배양이 의뢰되었던 검체에 대해 따로 CUT-OFF에 따라서 다른 민감도와 특이도를 보입니다. 그러므로 각 나라 및 검사실에 따라 적절한 CUT-OFF를 정하는 것이 필요합니다.

혈액배양이 병행된 검체 대상 Blood culture + - CRP PCT Specificity Sensitivity ≥0.8 11 102 0.30 0.92 <0.8 1 44 PCT ≥2.0 6 47 0.68 0.46 <2.0 7 99 ≥1.0 54 0.63 <1.0 92 ≥0.5 65 0.55 <0.5 81 ≥0.05 12 125 0.14 <0.05 21 CRP는 PCT에 비해서 높은 민감도를 보이지만 PCT보다 월등히 낮은 특이도를 보입니다. CRP가 좀더 비특이적인 증가를 보이는 것으로 생각됩니다.

PCT vs. CRP CRP Area under the curve=0.473 PCT PCT가 CRP에 비하여 큰 차이는 아니었지만 좋은 AUC를 보입니다. 차이가 많지 않았던 이유는 전체 검체를 대상으로 하였기 때문으로 생각됩니다. 전체 검체는 패혈증이 의심되는 경우 뿐만 아니라 CRP가 의뢰된 경우를 모두 대상(류마티스 내과) 때문…. PCT Area under the curve=0.591

향후 연구 계획 패혈증이 의심되는 환자에서 PCT는 CRP보다 높은 특이도를 보임 적절한 연구대상군의 선정 ROC curve의 향상 전향적인 연구를 통한 Antibiotics의 사용량 감소 추적검사 Gray zone (0.05~2.0 ng/mL) Sepsis 치료 후의 감소