Author name here for Edited books Chapter 8 Universal Design in Recreation 8 chapter Cindy Dillenschneider and Cindy Burkhour

Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. –Ron Mace

Defining Universal Design Started in the 1970s in architecture. Michael Bednar wanted to create environments that would enhance usability for all. Goes beyond providing access for people with disabilities. (continued)

Defining Universal Design (continued) Most buildings existing in the 1990s were designed for the “ideal” average human. As awareness was raised, universal design began to appear in society. –Universal symbols instead of words on signs –Motion detectors to turn on sinks or toilets –Varied heights for counters and fountains Design guidelines were developed by the Center for Universal Design in 1997.

Principles of Universal Design Equitable in use Flexible in use Simple and intuitive use Perceptible information Tolerance for error Low physical effort Size and space for approach and use

Universal Design for a Just Society Design can value and celebrate differences. Design considers these factors: –Age –Gender and gender identity –Race, culture, and ethnicity –Ability –Religious practice –Economic ability –Historic recreation patterns Doing so invites all.

Removing Barriers Physical barriers –ADA accessibility guidelines –U.S. Forest Service outdoor accessibility guidelines –National Center on Accessibility resources –U.S. Access Board continues to work Social barriers –Stigma –Lack of awareness –Societal norms

Creating Physical Access Changes throughout the life span Influence of lifestyle and activity

Creating Cognitive Access Refers to tasks such as these: –Attending to important information –Filtering extraneous information –Interpreting and using information Use multiple methods of communication.

Removing Social Barriers The impact of social acceptance Identify strategies for removing social barriers Maslow’s hierarchy of needs As a recreation specialist, you must create an atmosphere where everyone is included and feels safe and appreciated so all participants can have fun together.

Safety and Belonging A goal of universal design is to promote appreciation of unique contributions. You set the example. Value equally the traits participants bring. Design using tools such as the full value contract.

A Sense of Empowerment Universal design environments foster a sense of control. Environment is planned in a way that allows participants to –accomplish tasks, –contribute to successes, and –make a positive difference. Leaders facilitate contribution and help participants understand their contribution.

Legislation and Universal Design Civil rights legislation Ability-focused legislation Ethnicity, cultural, and social legislation

Program Planning and Universal Design Step 1: Learn the minimum requirements. Step 2: Consult people with disabilities. Step 3: Document above and beyond. Step 4: Make good decisions. Good decisions lead to simple changes that create access, such as a wheelchair- accessible picnic table.

Suggestions for Universal Design Trails, walkways, and pathways Picnic areas and elements Docks, piers, and observation decks Playgrounds Sports fields and courts Boardwalks Canoe, kayak, and boat launches Campgrounds (continued)

Suggestions for Universal Design (continued) Archery range Beaches, beach houses, and bathhouses Pools, spas, and aquatic facilities Nature centers, museums, and zoos Skiing and sledding hills Camping cabins and yurts Labyrinths, sensory gardens, and walks Restrooms and parking

Summary It all starts with planning and design. You can influence the development of universal design. Require planners to go beyond ADA codes. Eventually, universal design will become an expectation.