D AY 1 V OCABULARY Atoms, investigating the periodic table and the cause for properties

A TOMS The Smallest Unit of an element of matter that can still retain its properties as that element In other words- IT is the smallest piece possible of matter

PROTON (+)

NEUTRON (0)

ELECTRON (-)

nucleus

A TOMIC N UMBER The Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. # of protons is usually = # of electrons. If you change the number of protons you change the atom The number of protons in an atom determines the properties of that atom How it reacts with other atoms Its melting/boiling/freezing point/density

D AY 2 VOCABULARY Understanding Physical Properties, physical property foldable (2) and two physical property labs

P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES A Characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity What do I see hear smell or feel Color, texture, hardness, etc.

D ENSITY A ratio of the amount of mass/matter is in an object compared to how much space it takes up (volume) Ratios are represented as fractions D= M _ V

S OLUBILITY The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Example (Tang or Kool Aid)

M ALLEABILITY The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets (how bendable it is) Example Aluminum

D UCTILITY The ability to be pulled into wire. Example Copper Wire

S TATE The physical form an element exists in (Solid Liquid or Gas) Associated Properties with state Boiling points Melting points Freezing points

T HERMAL AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY The rate at which a substance transfers heat, or electricity (good or poor conductors)

B IG I DEA : Every Element has it’s own Special Physical Properties that are specific to that element of matter!!!! (At given temperatures and pressures)

D AY 2A Phase Changes introduce exothermic and endothermic

Both Exothermic and endothermic reactions can happen with plain physical changes or chemical changes Today we are just looking at them from the physical change standpoint

E NDOTHERMIC R EACTIONS A change when energy is gained by the substance as it changes state When a reaction takes place and heat is absorbed from the surroundings into the reaction Endothermic reactions feel cold to the touch when they take place

E XOTHERMIC R EACTIONS A change when energy is removed from the substance as it changes state When a reaction takes place where heat is lost to the reactions surroundings Exothermic reactions feel hot to the touch, and can be explosive or give off light

D AY 3 V OCABULARY Chemical Properties- demo day Review physical properties with mystery bag Particle Motion Lab/Phase Change lab

P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES A Characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity What do I see hear smell or feel Color, texture, hardness, etc.

C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Properties of a substance that describe or explain its ability to react with other substances to change into completely different substances

P HYSICAL VERSUS C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Chemical properties Flammability Ability to react with water Ability to react with oxygen (oxidation) Ability to react with other chemicals Ability to dissociate/decompose- split into its different pieces Different chemical bonding capabilities Physical properties Color Mass Density Can it dissolve in water (solubility) Phases of matter Hardness Luster Boiling/melting/freezing points Malleability Ability to conduct electricity Thermal conductivity

D AY 4 VOCABULARY Chemical or physical change lab Cookie ingredient lab

P HYSICAL CHANGES A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance Changing its state Changing its shape Changing amount

C HEMICAL CHANGES When a substance undergoes a reaction to become a completely new substance with new or different properties

C HEMICAL VERSUS P HYSICAL C HANGES Chemical change Properties of a substance describe or explain its ability to react with other substances to change into completely different substances Physical change Properties of a substance that are observable without changing a substances identity

C HEMICAL VERSUS P HYSICAL C HANGES Chemical change Changes of a substance that do alter its identity into a brand new substance You can usually tell a chemical change has occurred by seeing one or more of the following Production of new gas Production of a precipitate Production of a new color Production of a new odor Physical change Changes of a substance that are purely physical and do not alter the substances identity Changes are usually phase changes of matter THEY ARE REVERSABLE

C HEMICAL R EACTION IN A B AG Take out a ½ sheet of paper as you do the mini lab record the following answers 1. Describe the physical properties of all three ingredients: Rock salt, baking soda, Bromythymol blue States, color, size, texture etc. BE SPECIFIC 2. What changes occurred- was there any color changes, temperature changes, gas formation etc.

D AY 5 VOCABULARY Law of Conservation- explaining Chemical Equations Snowman balancing activity

C HEMICAL B ONDS Bond- When atoms are combined- they share, or transfer electrons, in order to create new substances in the form of molecules and compounds

C HEMICAL E QUATIONS : R EACTANTS AND P RODUCTS Reactant: The molecules and atoms that react with each other to get a new substance (before the arrow) Product: The new outcome, or the products that you get from a chemical reaction (after the arrow in the equation) H 2 + O 2  H 2 O

R EVIEW : T HESE WILL BOTH BE ON THE TEST !!! Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration SUGAR C 6 H 12 O 6 SUGAR C 6 H 12 O 6 WATER H 2 O WATER H 2 O OXYGEN O 2 OXYGEN O 2 CARBON- DIOXIDE CO 2 CARBON- DIOXIDE CO 2

W HY ALL OF THOSE 6’ S ? Today we will talk about why there are all those 6’s in the photosynthesis equation. We will walk through the steps together and then you will do it on your own.

B ALANCING B EAD A CTIVITY Use this equation of Photosynthesis to help you Black Beads= Carbon White Beads= Oxygen Red Beads= Hydrogen Start By making 1 CO2 molecule and 1 H20 Now try to make (with just the beads you have on your table) 1 sugar (C6H12O6) molecule and 1 O2 molecule Can you do it? Now work backwards- start with sugar (C6H12O6) molecule and 1 O2 molecule. How many CO2 and H2O molecules can you make? SUGAR C 6 H 12 O 6 WATER H 2 O OXYGEN O 2 CARBON- DIOXIDE CO 2

T HE L AW OF CONSERVATION OF M ATTER The law of conservation of matter says: Matter cannot be created or destroyed during physical changes or chemical reactions. Atoms can only change phases or be rearranged with new bonds The atoms in a chemical equation must be both in the reactant side and product side The number of atoms must be the same on both sides

B ALANCING E QUATIONS Who has balanced an equation in math before? When solving for x you must do what you do on one side to the other side of the equation Chemistry also balances equations similarly

B ALANCING E QUATIONS Treat the arrow like an = sign every thing on the reactant side must match the product side A subscript tells you the number of atoms in the molecule. So does a coefficient Example 2Fe = Fe 2 = there are 2 iron atoms If there is no coefficient it is an invisible 1 Example Fe=1Fe You can change coefficients, you cannot change subscripts. 3Fe, 2Fe, Fe Make an atom list for reactants and products check for inequalities then add coefficients to unequal atoms to make changes until they match Its easier to keep complicated molecules with a coefficient of 1 and add more to the less complicated molecules

R EVIEW OF E NDO / EXOTHERMIC

Both Exothermic and endothermic reactions can happen with plain physical changes or chemical changes Today we are just looking at them from the chemical change stand point before we examined phase changes

E NDOTHERMIC R EACTIONS A change when energy is gained by the substance as it changes state When a reaction takes place and heat is absorbed from the surroundings into the reaction Endothermic reactions feel cold to the touch when they take place

V ISUAL HELP : E NDOTHERMIC REACTANTSPRODUCTS HEAT Energy goes into the product so outside it gets and feels colder But HEAT Energy goes into the products- making them warmer

E XOTHERMIC R EACTIONS A change when energy is removed from the substance as it changes state When a reaction takes place where heat is lost to the reactions surroundings Exothermic reactions feel hot to the touch, and can be explosive or give off light

V ISUAL H ELP : E XOTHERMIC REACTANTSPRODUCTS HEAT Energy is released so outside it feels hotter But the HEAT Energy is lost in the products

P HYSICAL VERSUS C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Chemical properties ______________ Ability to react with _____________ Ability to react with oxygen _______________ Ability to react with _________________ Ability to dissociate/decompose- split into its different pieces Different chemical bonding capabilities Physical properties Color Mass ____________ Can it dissolve in water (solubility) Phases of matter Hardness Luster __________________________ points Malleability Ability to conduct electricity _________________________

C HEMICAL VERSUS P HYSICAL C HANGES Chemical change Changes of a substance ______________________ into a _______________________ You can usually tell a chemical change has occurred by seeing one or more of the following Production of ___________________ Production of a _____________________ Production of a _______________________ Production of a ________________________ Physical change Changes of a substance that are purely physical ______________________ __________________ Changes are usually phase changes of matter ______________________ ______________________ ______________________