Federalists Shape A Government

A Quest for Political Unity Cabinet- Secretary of state, secretary of treasury, secretary of war, and post master general-all advise president the administration consists of the President, the cabinet and the Vice President Federalists were the men in George Washington’s administration The Founding Fathers neither welcomed or accepted political parties - thought that the parties represented self interests

1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union) George WashingtonVirginiaFederalist % John AdamsMassachusetts Federalist % George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican 43.0% Aaron BurrNew YorkFederalist10.7% Electoral Votes Not Cast % Total Number of Electors132 Total Electoral Votes Cast264 Number of Votes for a Majority 67

1792 Election Results

1)Hamilton was named secretary of treasury by George Washington 2) Hamilton recommended that the national government pay off the debt left over from the Revolutionary War. 3)He proposed that anyone holding a government bond be paid in full, plus interest. 4)He called for the creation of the national bank. It would keep deposits for government, regulate state banks, and print bank notes that could be turned in for gold or silver. 5)The national bank would lead to a more stable, financial base for the country. Hamilton’s Proposal

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican % Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 75.1% Other % Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results AdamsJefferson

Thomas JeffersonAlexander Hamilton Democratic - RepublicansFederalists Objective: To analyze the differences between the first political parties.

Hamilton and Jefferson: Differing Views Alexander HamiltonThomas Jefferson Favored trade, manufacturing and cities Believed that the federal government should have more power than the states Believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution was pro-British Favored farmers and rural communities Believed that states should have more power than the federal government (state’s rights) Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution was pro-French

pro-British First Political Parties led by Alexander Hamilton strong central government led by industry and the wealthy emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, and trade loose interpretation of the Constitution favored the national bank favored protective tariffs led by Thomas Jefferson strong state governments led by the “common man” emphasis on agriculture “Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens.” – Thomas Jefferson strict interpretation of the Constitution opposed the national bank opposed protective tariffs pro-French

Thomas Jefferson kneels before the altar of Gallic despotism as God and an American eagle attempt to prevent him from destroying the Constitution. Jefferson's alleged attack on George Washington and John Adams in the form of a letter to Philip Mazzei falls from his pocket. Jefferson is supported by Satan, the writings of Thomas Paine, and the French philosophers. The Providential Detection The Providential Detection

1.Francois Goulet Farmer from Georgia 5 th grade education 2. Brandon Smith Lawyer from Boston, MA College graduate 3. John Marshall Virginia planter College graduate Future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Believed that the judicial branch was too weak 4. Hans Gruber German immigrant Pennsylvania farmer 5. Sally Moore Mother of five Employee of a Massachusetts textile mill 6. James Prescott Banker from Delaware Member of the Delaware state legislature 7. Mary Worthington Merchant from South Carolina Sells mainly European products Am I a Federalist or a Republican?

1.Francois Goulet Farmer from Georgia 5 th grade education Am I a Federalist or a Republican? 2. Brandon Smith Lawyer from Boston, MA College graduate Republican Federalist

3. John Marshall Virginia planter College graduate Future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Believed that the judicial branch was too weak 4. Hans Gruber German immigrant Pennsylvania farmer Am I a Federalist or a Republican? Republican Federalist

6. James Prescott Banker from Delaware Member of the Delaware state legislature Am I a Federalist or a Republican? 5. Sally Moore Mother of five Employee of a Massachusetts textile mill Republican Federalist

7. Mary Worthington Merchant from South Carolina Sells mainly European products Am I a Federalist or a Republican? Republican

U.S remained neutral in any war involving Europe America had strong feelings about European matters

When the French revolution started in 1789, the Americans rejoiced In France, the peasants lacked land, and the middle class lacked political power Feelings changed when Louis XVI was beheaded in 1793, and declared war on Great Britain

America was angry because the United States had signed a treaty with Great Britain Many acts were passed during this time Naturalization Act- lengthened the time required for foreigners, mostly common people supporting the republicans, to gain citizenship. The Alien Act authorized the President to imprison or expel any aliens, or foreigner, he considered dangerous Sedition Act- repressed sedition, rebellion against the government, by restricting freedom of speech

Objective: To examine the XYZ Affair and the causes and effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts. What was the XYZ affair? I’ve gotta know!! XYZ affair

The XYZ Affair The U.S. sent three people to France to work on a peace settlement. The three French officials, who became known as X, Y, and Z, demanded a bribe and a loan for France. Angered and insulted, the Americans refused. "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute."

alien sedition deport - stirring up a rebellion against a government - a foreigner - to expel, or kick out What are the definitions of the following key terms? – Federalist laws intended to stop Democratic-Republicans from gaining power. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Alien Act (1798) allowed the President to deport any alien considered dangerous to the country. The number of years an alien had to wait to become a U.S. citizen increased from 5 to 14 years. These laws helped stop immigrants from voting for the Democratic-Republicans.

Sedition Act (1798) Anyone found guilty of sedition could be fined and sent to prison. The law was aimed at Democratic-Republican newspapers. Yo, that’s wack! (and illegal, too!)

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Thomas Jefferson claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. KY and VA claimed that states had the right to nullify any federal law they believed to be unconstitutional. (state’s rights) The Federalists believed that only the Supreme Court could declare a law unconstitutional.