Bell Work (10/5/15) Using your prefix dictionary, try and define what the following words are... Macromolecule Monomer Polymer

The Macromolecules of Life

Hierarchy of Life

Chemistry 101 All matter is consisted of atoms An ATOM is the smallest unit of matter, it cannot be broken down any smaller (electrons, protons, neutrons)

Chemistry 101 Atoms can join with other atoms to form COMPOUNDS/molecules Sodium atoms, Na, bond with Chlorine atoms, Cl. The compound founded is NaCl (table salt)

Chemistry 101 Compounds that contain carbon are called ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES are very large organic molecules

Macromolecules Macromolecules are also called POLYMERS Polymers are made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS Monomer= single unit Polymer= many units, chain of monomers

Macromolecules 4 types of macromolecules that make up all living things... Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Pass out Macro Chart

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are built from MONOSACCHARIDES (single sugars) mono- means ONE -saccharide means SUGAR Carbohydrates are just chains of sugar! Small sugar molecules form large sugar molecules!

Carbohydrates GLUCOSE= monosaccharide/ simple sugar, major source of energy in cells Disaccharide (di- = two) Polysaccharide (poly- =many)

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar monomer Examples: Glucose Ribose Deoxyribose Fructose glucose

Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples: Sucrose (table sugar) Lactose glucoseglucose

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar unit Examples: Starch (bread, potatoes), Glycogen (beef), Cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose

Carbohydrate Summary Polymer/Macromolecule name= Carbohydrate Monomer name= Monosaccharide Function= Energy Example(s)= Glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch

Carbohydrates Relationship to Biology: Photosynthesis- makes glucose (sugar) Cellular Respiration- breaks apart glucose to get energy

Lipids Lipids are nonpolar molecules… They are not soluble in water! These includes: Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids

Lipids Lipids function: Cell membranes (outside of cells) Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes LONG TERM ENERGY STORAGE!

Lipids Lipids are made from FATTY ACIDS

Lipid Summary Polymer/Macromolecule name= Lipid Monomer name= Fatty acid Function= Long term energy, cell membrane structure Example(s)= Fat, oil, phospholipid, etc.

Lipids Relationship to Biology: Cell membrane is made of phospholipids (allow molecules to move in and out of every cell!)

Bellwork (10/3/14) 1.What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? 2.Is a macromolecule a monomer or polymer? 3.What is the name of a lipid that is found in the cell membrane?

Proteins Made from AMINO ACIDS Amino acids are bonded together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides chains

Proteins Polypeptide chains will fold into compact shapes to form functional proteins

Proteins Proteins do EVERYTHING! Physical traits and characteristics are all because of your proteins! Enzymes to promote chemical reactions Structure in membranes, hair, skin, etc. Regulate hormones Movement in muscles Hemoglobin (carries oxygen in red blood cells) Antibodies (fights infection)

Protein Summary Polymer/Macromolecule name= Protein Monomer name= Amino Acid Function= Structural, movement, transport, etc.! Example(s)= Enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin, etc.

Proteins Relationship to Biology: Protein synthesis (how proteins are made) Proteins are coded by DNA (genetic information) GENETICS

Nucleic Acids There are two different types: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA- double helix) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA- single strand) Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides

Nucleic Acids Nucleotides are made up of three parts: Phosphate Sugar Base

Nucleic Acids Base A, G, C, and T A base pairs with T G base pairs with C Order of these bases give us our physical traits Different bases, different faces

Nucleic Acids Why is nucleic acid important? DNA is our genetic information Genetic information codes for PROTEINS in our bodies DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait

Nucleic Acid Summary Polymer/Macromolecule name= Nucleic Acid Monomer name= Nucleotide Function= DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait Example(s)= DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acid Relationship to Biology: DNA structure and protein synthesis GENETICS

Macromolecule Foldable Outside flap: Macromolecule Name Inside flap: Monomer Name Under Flap: 2 Examples and Function

Sort Activity

Bellwork (10/7/14) 1.What two macromolecules are used for energy? 2.What macromolecule codes for proteins? 3.What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Macromolecule Worksheet

Macromolecule Review