Chapter Five: Civil Rights

Learning Outcomes LO 1 Summarize the historical experience of African Americans, state how the separate-but-equal doctrine was abolished, and describe the consequences of the civil rights movement. LO 2 Contrast the goals of the women’s suffrage movement with the goals of modern feminism. LO 3 Explain the demographic impacts of immigration and of the interactions between European settlers and American Indians. LO 4 Define affirmative action, and provide some of the arguments against it. LO 5 Summarize the recent revolution in the rights enjoyed by gay men and lesbians. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning2

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement Ending Servitude Constitutional Amendments Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875 Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning3

An African American soldier in the Union Army during the Civil War, about What influence might such troops have had on the struggle for African American rights after the Civil War? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 4

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement The Ineffectiveness of the Early Civil Rights Laws Civil Rights Cases Plessy v. Ferguson: separate but equal Voting Barriers Extralegal methods of enforcing white supremacy Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning5

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka “With ALL deliberate speed” Reactions to School Integration Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning6

When Oliver Brown wanted his daughter Linda (shown here) to attend a white school close to their home, he took his case all the way to the United States Supreme Court. The outcome of that case is considered a landmark decision. Why? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 7

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement De Jure and De Facto Segregation The Civil Rights Movement Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. – nonviolence The March on Washington Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning8

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, speech at the Washington Monument in 1963 was watched by millions of Americans on television. What were his most famous words? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning9

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement Modern Civil Rights Legislation The Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Civil Rights Act of 1968 and Housing Legislation Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning10

The African American Experience and the Civil Rights Movement Modern Civil Rights Legislation Consequences of civil rights legislation Political participation by African Americans Political participation by other minorities Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning11

Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights Early Women’s Political Movements Suffrage – Nineteenth Amendment The Modern Women’s Movement The Equal Rights Amendment Challenging gender discrimination in the courts Women in the military Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning12

This female soldier is a medic assigned to a Medevac helicopter in Afghanistan. Medevac pilots, crew, and medics are ready to fly at a moment’s notice, picking up coalition soldiers as well as Afghans who require help. Under a Defense Department ruling, women in the U.S. armed forces can now compete to join units that engage in direct combat. Is this rule a positive development? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 13

Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights Women in Politics Today Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 Sexual Harassment Wage Discrimination Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning14

Meg Whitman, currently the CEO of Hewlett Packard, was formerly the CEO of eBay and the 2010 Republican candidate for governor of California. She is speaking at the George W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas, Texas. What could be done to make it easier for talented women to rise to the top? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 15

Experiences of Other Minority Groups Immigration, Latinos, and Civil Rights Hispanic versus Latino Changing face of America Civil rights of immigrants Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning16

Experiences of Other Minority Groups The Agony of the American Indian The demographic collapse American Indians in 19 th and 20 th centuries Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning17

Russell Means, a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe and a former head of the American Indian Movement, testifies before a Senate committee. Means died in October 2012 at his ranch in South Dakota. He was 72. The struggle for American Indian rights has been popular among other Americans. Why might that be so? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 18

Figure 5–1: Percentage Changes in U.S. Ethnic Distribution Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 19

Civil Rights: Extending Equal Protection Affirmative Action Executive Order The Bakke Case Reverse discrimination Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning20

Civil Rights: Extending Equal Protection Additional Limits on Affirmative Action Strict scrutiny The End of Affirmative Action? Additional Restrictions Fisher v. University of Texas Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning21

The Rights and Status of Gay Males and Lesbians Growth in the Gay Male and Lesbian Rights Movement State and Local Laws Targeting Gay Men and Lesbians Lawrence v. Texas State Actions Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning22

The Rights and Status of Gay Males and Lesbians “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Same-Sex Marriage The Defense of Marriage Act State Recognition of Same-Sex Marriage The Supreme Court Supports the States Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning23

This same-sex couple in California was married during a several-month interval in 2008 when such marriages were legal in that state. California continued to recognize these marriages even after a vote in November 2008 that prohibited new same-sex marriages. Why has support for same-sex marriage grown so rapidly in the United States and around the world? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 24

Gay Marriage Comes to New York State Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 25 Click picture to play video

Gay Marriage Comes to New York State Taking a closer look: 1. Is it fundamentally unfair for same-sex couples to experience economic disadvantages in some states? 2. Why do you think marriage is regulated on a state level? 3. Was the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional? Why or why not? Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning 26