Cuba

New Imperialism – REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What was the difference between old imperialism and new imperialism? Old imperialism of the Age of Exploration supported overseas trade in the New World for European states. Industrialized nations practicing new imperialism sought to become more powerful by controlling lands, resources, and people beyond their borders. 2. What countries became imperializing powers during the late 19 th century? Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Japan, United States 3. What three parts of the world were colonized by imperializing nations? Africa, Asia and Latin America

4. What country was the greatest imperial power of the late 19 th century? Great Britain (United Kingdom) 5. What were the economic motives driving imperialism among industrialized nations? Industrialized nations of Europe needed new sources of raw materials (cotton, timber, ore, dyes, wool, petroleum) and new markets for their machine made goods.

6. What were the political and social motives driving imperialism among industrialized nations? Competition among the imperial powers was as fierce as ever. Control of key locations or resources could give a country a strategic edge over rival states. The ability to dominate other lands improved a country’s status and prestige. Industrialized countries were socially troubled due to labor strikes and poverty. New imperialism increased nationalism and encouraged unity among the citizens of the imperial power.

7. What were the cultural and racial motives driving imperialism among industrialized nations? European saws themselves as culturally superior people with a mission, or duty, to civilize more “backward” peoples. Christian missionaries brought their religion and culture to those they considered less fortunate. ASSIMILATION, PATERNALISM, WHITE MAN’S BURDEN, WESTERNIZATION, SOCIAL DARWINISM 8. Why were the imperial powers able to easily take control of territories in Asia, Africa and Latin America? Technological superiority (maxim gun), ease of control (developed a strong transportation and communication system INFRASTRUCTURE in these regions – Asia, Africa and Latin America), medicinal advancements (dangerous diseases like malaria were no longer deadly to colonists), internal problems (disunity among African tribes) – Europeans used tribes against each other – “divide and conquer” strategy.

9. How did imperial powers improve the infrastructures of their colonies? Europeans built railroads to transport soldiers as well as goods from plantations and mines to the nearest ports. They constructed warehouses to hold materials and harbor facilities to serve the cargo ships. They ran telegraph lines to improve long distance communication. BUT EUROPEANS DID NOT INDUSTRIALIZE THE COLONIES! 10. How did improving the infrastructures of colonies help imperial powers? Imperial powers expanded their colony’s exports. Imperial powers were able to move armed soldiers far distances quickly to put down any resistance.

11. Describe how the following terms relate to new imperialism? WHITE MAN’S BURDEN, HUMANITARIANISM, WESTERNIZATION White Man’s Burden was the European belief that as a biologically superior race, it was their responsibility to conquer barbarism and spread civilization to the “uncivilized”. Humanitarianism was the belief that Europeans were helping natives improve their lives. Westernization was the process of imposing Western society upon the natives of European colonies. They brought with them western legal systems, taxes, political administrations, education, medicine, technology, languages and dress. 12. By 1888, what had all Western nations abolished? Why did they do this? Europeans ended slavery because it went against European ideals of liberty and equality.

African Imperialism– REVIEW QUESTIONS

Tonight: Africa/Asia– REVIEW QUESTIONS Asia Africa

Right now – Latin America REVIEW QUESTIONS Latin America

Latin America: 34. Western imperial powers often took control over Latin America through “informal imperialism” – What is this? Informal imperialism is hegemony – that is, indirect rule – when an imperial power puts indirect social, political, or economic influence on a weaker nation without war. 35. What factors in Latin American states opened them up to imperial control? Political turmoil and economic dependence (no industrialization)

36. What did European powers like Great Britain and France want from Latin America? Raw materials and new markets for its machine made goods 37. How was Great Britain able to control countries like Brazil and Argentina? Britain brought investors into Argentina which included the raising of sheep and cattle and the building of facilities to transport materials. British banks financed this through loans.

38. When was the United States able to occupy Cuba and Puerto Rico? When the U.S. and Cuban revolutionaries won the Spanish American War 39. What was the purpose of U.S. policies such as the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary? The Monroe Doctrine banned the nations of Europe from further colonizing Latin America. The Roosevelt Corollary prevented European meddling in an unstable Latin America. The U.S. would “police” Latin America to preserve peace and order and also protect American interests.