Chapter 7 The Jeffersonian Era

Rise of Cultural Nationalism  Cities  Industries  Commerce  Religious revivals  Nationalism (united against “enemies”)  Public school system

American Literature American Literature  Noah Webster  Washington Irving  Mercy Otis Warren  Parson Weems

Religious Revivals  Cane Ridge, KT (camp meetings)  Gabriel Prosser – slave rebellion inspired by revivals

Industrialism  Samuel Slater – spinning mill Pawtucket, RI (1790)  Eli Whitney – cotton gin/interchangeable parts  Robert Fulton – steamboat (1807)  Turnpikes

Jefferson   Repealed whiskey tax  Reduced government spending  Paid off ½ national debt  Reduced size of army and navy

Hypocrisy??  He used Hamiltonian means for Jeffersonian ends……. Purchase of Louisiana for $15 million to enhance agrarian society (sends Lewis and Clark) Purchase of Louisiana for $15 million to enhance agrarian society (sends Lewis and Clark) Use of marines in Tripoli Use of marines in Tripoli Tax money used to pay off debt Tax money used to pay off debt Strict vs. Loose Constructionism Strict vs. Loose Constructionism

Barbary Pirates  Coast of Tripoli (tip of NW Africa)  Pirates seizing ships – demanding ransom for U.S. ships to pass  Jefferson refused to pay  Sent in U.S. Marines (sing hymn)  Eventually we say we “won” but pay some ransom

John Marshall  Supreme Court Chief Justice  1803 – Marbury v Madison (judicial review)  McCullough v Maryland (federal supremacy)

Foreshadowing the War of 1812  Napoleonic Wars block British trade with Europe (Continental System) so Brits blockade U.S. ports from European countries (violation of US neutrality)  British impressment policy  Chesapeake/Leopard Affair – Brits stop US naval ship and take 4 sailors  Jefferson still wants to avoid war

Jefferson’s Response  Embargo Act – stopped all trade with other countries  Caused Depression

Ograbme

Madison’s Election  Jefferson’s secretary of state  Architect of Constitution  Co – author of VA/KT Resolutions  Elected in 1808  Immediately pushes through a modification of the embargo act  Napoleon however manipulates US into not trading with Brits

Madison’s Problems  Natives are looking to Brits for protection from American settlers  Prophet and Tecumseh(Shoeshone brothers) try to unite all Natives in Mississippi Valley  Governor Wm Henry Harrison (Indiana Territory) attacks and defeats them at 1811 (Battle of Tippecanoe)

Closer to War - AGAIN  Elections of 1810 War hawks win these off year elections War hawks win these off year elections John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Henry Clay Pushing Madison toward a war Pushing Madison toward a war

Mr. Madison’s War  War of 1812  U.S. not a priority to England until late 1813  U.S. invasion of Canada failed  Indians capture Ohio  Oliver Hazard Perry defeats Brit fleet on Great Lakes  Andrew Jackson defeats Creeks at Horseshoe Bend

War of 1812  Napoleon surrenders to Brits in 1814  Frees up British army to invade U.S. and attack and burn D.C.  Brits withdraw from Baltimore after Ft. McHenry(Key)  Jackson wins at New Orleans (although battle 2 weeks after armistice)

Ft. McHenry

Shelling of Ft. McHenry

Battle of New Orleans

Opposition to War  Federalists of New England (minority)  Hartford Convention Late 1814 Late 1814 Proposed Constitutional amendment to protect NE political influence Proposed Constitutional amendment to protect NE political influence Hinted at seccession Hinted at seccession Ended the Federal influence because message arrived in D.C. day of armistice declaration Ended the Federal influence because message arrived in D.C. day of armistice declaration

“Leap No Leap”  SUMMARY:Charles''s satire attacks the Hartford Convention, a series of secret meetings of New England Federalists held in December The artist caricatures radical secessionist leader Timothy Pickering and lampoons the inclinations toward secession by convention members Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, alleging encouragement from English King George III.

Peace  Treaty of Ghent Did little but declare peace Did little but declare peace Later Rush-Bagot Agreement would disarm the Great Lakes (1817) Later Rush-Bagot Agreement would disarm the Great Lakes (1817)

Founding Fathers Gone  Jefferson and Adams die within 3 hours of each other  July 4, 1826  50 years to the day of the signing of the Declaration of Independence  Ironically in 1831, James Monroe would also die on the 4 th of July

Jefferson’s Epitaph

Final Thought  Why do you think Thomas Jefferson did NOT include his term as President on his gravestone?