The English Civil War & the Restoration Colonies Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662

Parliament & King Charles I Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights: –No taxation without Parliament’s approval –No quartering of troops in private homes and no martial law in peacetime –Right to trial by jury & due process of law King Charles I ( )

The Civil War & Commonwealth Parliament won the Civil War ( ) Charles escaped in 1647, but recaptured in 1648 & executed Jan. 30, 1649 The Commonwealth was a republic, but Oliver Cromwell became dictator After his death, monarchy restored in 1660 Oliver Cromwell

The Restoration Colonies King Charles II granted New Netherlands to his brother James in 1664 – became New York James granted southern portion to investors – became New Jersey King granted Carolina to a different group of investors in 1663 (split in 1729) King granted Pennsylvania to William Penn in 1681 King Charles II ( )

The Middle Colonies

New York & New Jersey Duke of York’s charter granted him all land between Connecticut & Delaware Rivers –Connecticut received royal charter in 1662 –Boundary settled in 1683 New Jersey granted to John Berkeley & George Carteret –divided it into East & West Jersey in 1676 –Reunited in 1702

Penn’s Woods William Penn wanted haven for fellow Quakers Established religious toleration for all, so German pietists flocked there Tried to treat Indians fairly Philadelphia soon became largest city in colonies Purchased 3 Lower Counties (Delaware) in 1682 to secure access to sea

Carolina First colonized by Spanish in 1526 Charles II granted it to 8 favorites in 1663 “Grand Model” constitution (written by John Locke) tried to est. feudal system Rice became staple crop by 1690; indigo in 1740s South Carolina became royal colony in 1719 North Carolina became royal colony in 1729

James II & the Dominion of New England King James II consolidated all northern colonies into Dominion of New England –Viceroy = Edmund Andros –Forced rel. toleration –Stripped local governments of power –Required landowners to pay annual quitrent James was openly Catholic, but daughters Mary & Anne were Protestant King James II ( )

The Glorious Revolution ( ) Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary & husband William of Orange to take throne in 1688 William defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne in Northern Ireland (July 1, 1690) William & Mary accepted Bill of Rights New colonial charters granted in 1691 Plymouth merged into Mass. Bay William III & Mary II The Battle of the Boyne

Social Contract Theory of Government John Locke published Two Treatises on Government in 1690 –Man originally in state of nature, with natural rights Life Liberty Property –Government = contract between people to protect rights –If gov’t doesn’t protect rights, people have right of revolution John Locke

The Stuart & Hanover Dynasties Act of Succession (1701) said monarch must always be Protestant Act of Union (1707) merged England & Scotland into the United Kingdom