Chapter 2 Notes and Vocabulary European Exploration and Settlement Essential Question: How did Europeans explore and establish settlements in the Americas?

Chapter 2 Vocabulary convert technique Columbian Exchange impact slavery revolt conquistadors domesticate colony missionaries coureurs de bois

To ____________________ is to change a person’s religious beliefs so they accept a different or new religion.

convert

A ______________ is a specialized method used to achieve a desired result.

technique

The ___________________________ was the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas.

Columbian Exchange

______________________ is to have a direct effect on a person or thing.

impact

__________________ is the treatment of people as property __________________ is the treatment of people as property. People who are denied freedom in this way are said to be __________________.

slavery, enslaved

A _____________ is a violent action in opposition to government or the law.

revolt

_____________________ were Spanish soldier-explorers, especially those who conquered the native peoples of Mexico and Peru.

conquistadores

Plants or animals that live and breed in a human environment and are considered to be tame are said to be ________________.

domesticated

A _____________ is a new settlement or territory established and governed by a country in another land.

colony

A _____________________ is a person who travels to a territory or community in order to make converts to his or her religion.

missionary

___________________________ were French fur trappers who learned many skills from the American Indians with whom they worked and lived.

coureurs de bois

Chapter 2.2 (questions 1 & 2) 1. Spain sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus, an explorer who claimed territories in the Caribbean and South America for Spain. Spain later sent conquistadors like Hernan Cortez and Francisco Pizarro to discover and claim lands for Spain in the Americas. 2. You should include the labels: people, foods, domesticated animals, diseases. Your description should also include the term: Columbian Exchange

Ch. 2.3 (questions 1-4) 1. Spain sponsored several expeditions to North America. As conquistadors explored new territories, they claimed the areas for Spain. Ponce de Leon explored and established a colony in Florida. Francisco Coronado traveled as far north as the Great Plains in search of seven cities of gold, but all he found were seven little pueblos.

Ch. 2.3 cont. 2. Your illustration should include the labels presidio and mission. 3. The American Indians and the Spanish learned many things from each other. Pueblo people learned how to use new tools, grow new foods, and raise sheep for wool. Many converted to Catholicism through the work of missionaries. From the Indians, the Spanish learned new techniques for growing crops. Some Spanish settlers treated the American Indians harshly by enslaving them and whipping those who continued to practice their traditional rituals.

Ch. 2.3 cont. 4. Your map should reflect the labeling on the map in Section 2.6.

Chapter 2.4 (questions 1-4) 1. France sent explorers to the Atlantic coastline of North America. Jacques Cartier claimed Canada for France. Samuel de Champlain established the first settlement in Quebec. Robert de La Salle claimed the territory of Louisiana, which included everything west of the Mississippi River.

Ch. 2.4 cont 2. Your illustration should include the label coureurs de bois. 3. The French made the American Indians their business partners. An especially friendly relationship existed between the French and the Huron, who were enemies of the Iroquois. Fur trappers lived in Huron villages, learned the Huron language, and married Huron women.

Ch. 2.4 cont. 4. Your map should reflect the labeling on the map in Section 2.6.

Chapter 2.5 (questions 1-4) 1. John Cabot sailed across the Atlantic and claimed the island of Newfoundland for England. Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony on Roanoke Island, but the colonists mysteriously disappeared. The London Company sent settlers to Virginia to start a moneymaking colony that became known as Jamestown.

Ch. 2.5 cont. 2. Illustrations will vary. 3. At first, the Indians were hesitant to trade with the settlers and many died from hunger and disease. Pocahontas, the daughter of a powerful Indian chief, made friends with Jamestown leader John Smith and helped the settlers by bringing them food and keeping peace with her people. The American Indians refused to trade with her people. 4. Your map should reflect the labeling on the map in Section 2.6.

Chapter 2.6 (questions 1-4) 1. Dutch merchants sponsored the trip of Henry Hudson, who claimed land along the Hudson River. The Dutch West India Company established a colony near present-day Albany, New York. The colony was governed by the unpopular Peter Stuyvesant, who peacefully surrendered it to the British in 1664.

Ch. 2.6 cont. 2. Your illustration should include the labels fur, Iroquois, and weapons. 3. The Dutch settlers were instructed to not use violence but to persuade or barter with American Indians. The Dutch also established friendly relations with the Iroquois Confederacy and supplied them with weapons to fight the Huron.

Ch. 2.6 (end) 4. Your map should reflect the labeling on the map in Section 2.6.