Entry Task: April 17 th Friday MAYHAN

Agenda Collect Alkene activity and ws #2 Quiz on Alkene/ynes Get into Functional Group notes!!! MAYHAN

Substituted Hydrocarbons MAYHAN

Functional Groups What are functional groups? Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms that impart specific properties to organic molecules. MAYHAN

What is R and R’ ? R and R’ represents a hydrocarbon part of the molecule. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -OH R CH 3 CH 2 -O-CH 2 CH 3 R R’ MAYHAN

Substitution reaction. Substitution reaction is when one atom or groups of atoms in a molecule are replaced by another.

Properties: Polar Uses: solvent, disinfectants, medicines, and product of fermentation Structure: R-OH Name: Ethanol Types: Alcohols, cholesterol and sugars Alcohol MAYHAN

Alcohol Alcohols always have an OH ending CH 3 CH 2 OH R-OH HO OH ***Alcohol*** MAYHAN

Properties: polar, acidic, and smells Uses: Vinegar, skin care soaps detergents, pheromones, smelly feet Structure: Name: Ethanoic acid Types: Citric acid, salicylic acid, vinegar Carboxylic Acid COH O MAYHAN

Carboxylic Acid Carboxylic acids always have a COOH ending CH 3 CH 2 COH R-COOH HOC COH O O O O **Train caboose (end) and choo MAYHAN

Properties: Non-polar, favors and fragrance Uses: fabrics, oil, and waxes Structure: Name: Methyl ethanoate Types: Banana oils, mint oil, triglyceride Ester O RCOR’ MAYHAN

Ester Esters always have a COO in the middle of the hydrocarbon. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C OCH 2 CH 3 RCOOR’ CO O O O CH 2 CH 3 **Ester like the Easter bunny MAYHAN

O R-C- + Carboxylic acid O-R Alcohol O R-C- OHH O-R’ + Ester HOH Water Esterification- the making of an ester by the reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid Sulfuric acid Catalyst H 2 SO 4 MAYHAN

Properties: Nonpolar and Unreactive Uses: Antiseptic, anesthesia solvent for fats/waxes Structure: Name: diethyl ether Types: dimethyl ether R-O-R’ Ether MAYHAN

Ether Ethers always have a O in the middle of the hydrocarbon. ROR’ CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 O ***Ether has hydrocarbons on ether side MAYHAN

Functional Group Identification CH 3 H2CH2C CH 2 CH 3 CO CH 2 CH 3 H2CH2C H2CH2C CH2CH2 CH 2 OH CH 3 O C C3H7C3H7 C2H5C2H5 CO O O CH 3 CH 2 COH O CH 2 H2CH2C H2CH2C O O H2CH2C H2CH2C O CO COH O HO OH HOC O Ether Ester Alcohol Carboxylic Acid Ether Alcohol Carboxylic Acid Ester Ether Carboxylic Acid MAYHAN

Properties: Non polar, solvents Uses: Fire extinguishers, pharmaceuticals Structure: Name: Ethyl chloride (any halogen) Types: Methyl iodide R-Cl Halo MAYHAN

Halogens are hanging off the ends/edges. RXRX Halo CH 3 CH 2 X X X X

Properties: polar Uses: popular solvent- acetone Structure: Name: propanone Types: Acetone (nail polish remover) Ketone O RCR’ MAYHAN

Ketone Ketones always have a C=O in the middle of the hydrocarbon. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CH 2 CH 3 RCOR’ C O O O C CH 2 CH 3 MAYHAN

Properties: polar Uses: plastics, seasoning/flavors Structure: Name: ethanal Types: Formaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, cilantro, and vanilla Aldehydes C-H O MAYHAN

Aldehydes Aldehydes always have a CHO ending- double bond oxygen on end. CH 3 CH 2 CH HC CH O O O O C-H O MAYHAN

Properties: solubility decreases with the increase of carbons Uses: by-product of the breakdown of amino acids- creates a “fishy” smell. Dyes and Drugs Structure: Name: ethylamine Types: Methyl-orange, Ephedrine Amines RNH 2 MAYHAN

Amine always have a NH 2 ending- CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 NH 2 MAYHAN Amines

Properties: nonpolar Uses: nylon material Structure: Name: ethanamide Types: Kevlar, spider silk Amide MAYHAN R-C-N-R” O

Amides always have a CON in the middle of the hydrocarbon. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C NCH 2 CH 3 RCONR’ CN O O O CH 2 CH 3 MAYHAN Amide