HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Security Level: 秘密 Huawei WLAN Stadium Coverage Solution

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2 Project Preparation Product Selection 1 2 Contents Bandwidth Design 3 Deployment Design 4 Project Case 5

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 3 WLAN Planning Steps ProjectDelivery Requirement collection Pre-sales network planning Customer communication and quotation Detailed site survey After-sales network planning Network planning solution Product selection Bandwidth design AP capacity design AP deployment Channel planning Cable route and power supply design

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 4 Requirement Collection and Site Survey ItemDescription Stadium structure Prepare a scale drawing of the stadium and learn the stadium structure (some pictures or materials can be found on the Internet). Coverage areaDetermine the target coverage areas, including the stand, parking lot, and corridor. User distribution Obtain user distribution information, including the total number of users in the stadium, user distribution on each stand. Usually, the user density varies in different areas of the stadium. Service typeDescribe the major types of services transmitted on the WLAN: video, web page browsing, or VIP. Percentage of concurrent users Check whether the customer has special requirements on the percentage of concurrent users. Usually, the number of concurrent users accounts for 20% of total users. Terminal type Usually, the ratio of 2.4 GHz terminals to 5 GHz terminals is 1:1. The proportion of 5 GHz terminals increases as more and more 5 GHz devices are used. Available channels Check available 5 GHz channels supported at the local site. Safety certification Check whether CE or FCC compliance is required. Installation position Learn the preferred installation positions of customers and determine the possible installation positions with the customer. Operating environment Check whether the local temperature and humidity meets requirements. To ensure successful delivery of the network planning solution, conduct detailed site surveys at the early stage to collect related information and clarify customer requirements according to Stadium Site Survey Information List. ☞

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 5 Project Preparation Product Selection 1 2 Contents Bandwidth Design 3 Deployment Design 4 Project Case 5

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. AP Selection: Indoor Settled APs Page 6 Huawei APs AP5010 series AP5010SN/DN AP6010 series AP6010SN/DN AP7110 series AP7110SN/DN Appearance Product positioning Small and medium enterprises, mid-range market Small, medium, and large enterprises, mid-range market Medium and large enterprises MIMO2x2 3x3 Number of concurrent users supported 30/5040/6060/100 Maximum number of users supported 128 Antenna typeBuilt-in antenna External antenna Maximum transmit power for each antenna 17 dBm*20 dBm* Power consumption6.0 W / 9.5 W6.5 W / 10.2 W8.7 W / 15.7 W Power supply modePoE: -48 V DC BYODYYY High-density mode-YY Working modeFit/Fat Fit Operating temperature ℃ ℃ Wi-Fi standarda/b/g/n "*"- Transmit power of the antenna can be adjusted according to requirements of different countries. Select proper indoor AP models to cover indoor corridors, VIP rooms, and lounges based on user density, area structure, and wall distributions.

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. AP Selection: Outdoor APs Page 7 Huawei APs Outdoor series AP6510DN Outdoor series AP6610DN Appearance High-density modeYY MIMO2x2 Number of concurrent users supported60 Maximum number of users supported128 per radio Antenna typeExternal antenna Maximum transmit power for each antenna26 (2.4 GHz)+20 (5 GHz) dBm*27 (2.4 GHz) + 24 (5 GHz) dBm* Power consumption25.5 W30 W Power supply modePoE: -48 V DCLocal AC power supply Working modeFit/Fat Operating temperature ℃ Wi-Fi standarda/b/g/n Uplink interfaceETH: 10/100/1000MSFP or ETH Protection gradeIP67 "*"- Transmit power of the antenna can be adjusted according to requirements of different countries. 1.Usually, stands of a large stadium are semi-open. Rains, dews, and direct sunlight may cause damage to APs; therefore, outdoor APs are recommended. 2.At the stands, if the distance between the AP and access switch is smaller than 80 m, use the AP6510DN (PoE power supply is supported).

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Antenna Selection Page 8 18° (2.4 GHz)15° (5 GHz)60° (2.4 GHz)60° (5 GHz) Appearance Number of antennas required by each AP 1111 Applicable frequency2.4 GHz5 GHz2.4 GHz5 GHz Gain (dBi)18 *19 *11.5 *12 * Horizontal lobe18°15°60° Vertical lobe18°15°30° Polarization modeDual-polarized InterfaceN-female*2 Applicable APs AP6510DN AP6610DN AP6510DN AP6610DN AP6510DN AP6610DN AP6510DN AP6610DN Dimension (mm)340*340*25250*250*25250*155*60230*145*55 Part number "*" -Attenuators need to be configured to meet safety certification requirements of different countries. 1.It is recommended that you use small angle antennas in areas with a high user density, such as the stands. Small angle antennas can control the AP coverage area within the effective range to reduce interference. 2.Use 60°antennas in areas with a low user density, such as the parking lot.

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 9 Project Preparation Product Selection 1 2 Contents Bandwidth Design 4 Deployment Design 5 Project Case 6

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 10 10, 2012 CQ of some Operator Terminal Bandwidth Design  Key indicator: delay < 4s Most applications on the current network require a delay smaller than 4s. Typical applications and their percentages on the live network Source: 10, 2012 CQ of some Operator MediumApplicationSymmetry Key Indicator & Typical Value One-way delay ImpactPacket loss Data HTML page browsing One-way< 4s/PageN/A Source: 3GPP Key indicator of web page browsing: delay Ensure good user experience: delay < 4s Source: Huawei mLab Application Key Factor that Affects Experience ServiceExperience HTML page browsing Display delay: < 3sQuite smoothExcellent Display delay: 3-8sSmoothGood Display delay: 8-15sCongestedPoor

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ApplicationsRequired Data RateRemarks Web page browsing kbpsSize of a web page: 200 KB; delay: 4 to 10s Video streaming kbpsReal-time services Instant messaging kbps2 KB/Session, 0.5s 400 kbps100 KB/Session, 2s Social networking 200 kbps50 KB/Session, 2s VoIP256 kbpsReal-time services, for example, 256 kbps GBR for Face Time Game200 kbps25 KB, 1s Web page browsing is used as an example. The required bandwidth is calculated as follows: Rate = size of a web page/delay = (200 KB x 8)/4 = 400 kbps Web page browsing is used as an example. The required bandwidth is calculated as follows: Rate = size of a web page/delay = (200 KB x 8)/4 = 400 kbps Bandwidth required by typical applications Terminal Bandwidth Design  Bandwidth requirements for stadium mainstream applications Video services require a bandwidth of 500 kbps, and other applications require a bandwidth of 250 kbps. Example: A stadium plans to construct a WLAN for web page browsing, photo uploading on social networks, and video playing. The average bandwidth required by terminals is calculated as follows: 40% x web page browsing + 40% x social networking + 20% x video playing = 400 kbps x 40% kbps x 40% kbps x 20% = 340 kbps Page 11

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Fans within the coverage area of the APs Fans connected to the Wi-Fi network Fans that use the network concurrently Seating Capacity QuantityPercentage Audience members with smart phones % Smart phones connected to the Wi-Fi network % Smart phones that use Wi-Fi services concurrently % 30% smart terminals use WLAN services concurrently. Concurrent User Model Example: Page 12

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 13 Project Preparation Product Selection 1 2 Contents Bandwidth Design 3 Deployment Design 4 Project Case 5

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Stand Typical Coverage Mode (1)——Side Mode Page 14 Football ground Last row of seats First row of seats 1.Use 18° 2.4 GHz antennas and 15° 5 GHz antennas. 2.Ensure that AP distance is larger than 7.5 m to prevent interference among APs. AP6510DN or AP6610DN AP distance > 7.5 m (four 2.4 GHz channels are used)

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Typical Coverage Mode (1)——Side Mode Page 15 Football ground Stand Ceiling

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 16 Typical Coverage Mode (1)——Side Mode 1.In side mode, APs and antennas can be installed above the seats in the last row of each layer. APs are placed in a line, which facilitates cable deployment and power supply (See Figure 1). 2.If APs are installed at places near the audience, hide the APs, for example, hiding APs behind the billboards, as shown in Figure 2.  Figure 2  Figure1

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Second layer First layer Page 17 Football ground Last row of seats First row of seats AP6510DN or AP6610DN Typical Coverage Mode (2) ——Overhead Mode Last row of seats First row of seats AP distance > 7.5 m (four 2.4 GHz channels are used)

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Typical Coverage Mode (2) ——Overhead Mode Page 18 Football ground Stand Ceiling AP6510DN or AP6610DN

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 19 Typical Coverage Mode (2) ——Overhead Mode 1.Deploy APs in overhead mode if no proper installation position is available or customers do not approve installations in the last row of seats. 2.Use 18° 2.4 GHz antennas and 15° 5 GHz antennas. 3.Properly design channels of APs to prevent that co- channel interference degrades AP performance.

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Typical Coverage Mode (3) ——Floor Mode Page 20 Football ground Stand Ceiling AP6510DN or AP6610DN

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 21 Typical Coverage Mode (3) ——Floor Mode 1.Deploy APs in floor mode to enhance signal coverage if the stand depth is larger than 25 m or the user density is high (some stadium may have no standing areas). 2.Adjust downtilt angles of antennas installed above the last row of seats or on the ceiling to control coverage areas. 3.Properly design channels of APs to prevent that co-channel interference degrades AP performance. 4.Signals need to pass through concrete panels, seats, and people, which makes them attenuate. Carry out tests to verify the signal attenuation. Use indoor APs if the signal attenuation is small, and use outdoor APs and antennas if the signal attenuation is large.

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 22 Coverage Mode Comparisons Coverage ModeAdvantageDisadvantage Recommends Side 1.APs and terminals are visible to each other in line-of-sight distance, with penetration loss within the allowed range. 2.The APs are easy to install. 3.APs are placed in a line. Co-channel APs are far from each other, providing good anti-interference capability. 1.The last row of seats is near the ceiling. APs are within reach of the audience. In this situation, AP protection boxes are required. 2.If the stand depth is large, customers need to deploy APs in other modes to enhance signal coverage.  Overhead 1.APs are easy to install on ceilings with bridleways. 2.APs and terminals are visible to each other in line-of-sight distance, with penetration loss within the allowed range. 1.It is difficult to install APs on high ceilings with simple structure. 2.Channel planning must take all APs around into consideration. This mode has poor anti-interference capability.  Floor 1.AP signals attenuate due to obstacles. The AP coverage area can be controlled. Therefore, many APs can be deployed to connect more users. 2.APs are deployed at the rear of the stand, invisible to the audience. Obstacles between the stand and terminals are complex; therefore, signal attenuation is hard to estimate. 

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Number of concurrent users Total number of users & Percentage of concurrent users Stand size Design drawings & site surveys Average bandwidth required Service type Provide the results: 1. AP location 2. AP quantity 3. Number of users covered by each AP 4. Percentage of concurrent users 5. AP concurrent user- Bandwidth-Distance model Select "Bandwidth-AP concurrent user" model. Calculate the number of APs required. Determine distance between APs: >7.5 m Add new coverage modes and re-calculate the results. N Y AP Capacity Design Example:  Based on customer requirements, calculate the average bandwidth required by each user: kbps.  Based on the required bandwidth and terminal frequency distribution (2.4 GHz: 5 GHz = 1:1), select the model "400 kbps —— 50 concurrent users on each AP".  If the total number of users on the first layer of the south stand is 6330 and percentage of concurrent users is 20%, the total number of users that concurrently use Wi-Fi services is 1266 (6330 x 20% = 1266). And a total of 25 APs are required (1266/50 = 25).  As observed from the drawing, the stand is 120 m long.  If all the APs are deployed in side mode (four channels are available), AP distance is 4.8 m (120/25 = 4.8), which is smaller than 7.5 m. Interference may be serious.  Add a new AP deployment mode: overhead. Two rows of APs provide signal coverage at the same layer. AP distance is 9.2 m (120/13 = 9.2 m), which meet capacity requirements of the model "400 kbps-50 concurrent users on each AP".  Results: 1.AP location: above the seats in the last row and on ceiling 2.AP quantity: 26 in total, with13 for each row 3.Number of users covered by each AP: 6330/26 = Final capacity model: Number of concurrent users on each AP—— Bandwidth —— Distance = 50 —— 400 kbps —— 9.2 m 5.Percentage of concurrent users: 26 x 50/6330 = 20.54% AP capacity calculation process: Page 23

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 24 AP Capacity Design (''Bandwidth-AP Distance-Number of Concurrent Users on Each AP" Reference Table) Data in the mapping relationship table is being tested. Currently, the following typical data is available. Assume four 2.4 GHz channels are available. AP distance: 7.5 m Number of concurrent users on each AP: 50 (2.4 GHz:5 GHz = 1:1) Average bandwidth per user: kbps

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Channel Design Principles Page 25 1.Determine the available channels at the local site.  Determine available 2.4 GHz channels. In counties that support channels 1-13, use channels 1, 9, 13, and 4 to increase the distance between co-channel APs if many APs need to be deployed.  Available channels vary in different countries and regions. Some countries or regions will reserve some channels. Select channels based on the conditions at the local site.  In some countries or regions, available 5 GHz channels may differ in indoor and outdoor scenarios. Select channels according to local standards. 2.Plan the channels.  AP channels should be properly planned to prevent interference. When planning AP channels, avoid interference from existing signals, which is of great significance to ensure high access quality.  Overall channel planning rules: Co-channel and adjacent-channel APs should be deployed far from each other to increase channel multiplexing efficiency. Additionally, interference between APs on the same layer or different layers should be considered. 3.Example: Second layer stand CH9 CH 36 First layer stand CH1 CH 44 CH13 CH 52 CH5 CH 60 CH9 CH 100 CH1 CH 108 CH13 CH 56 CH5 CH 104 CH9 CH 120 CH1 CH 136 CH13 CH 44 CH5 CH 52 CH13 CH 116 CH5 CH124 CH9 CH 132 CH1 CH 140 CH13 CH 40 CH5 CH 48 CH9 CH 64 CH1 CH 112 CH13 CH 128 CH5 CH 116 CH9 CH 124 CH1 CH 132

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 1.Ensure that the cable length from the access switch to APs does not exceed 80 meters (the cable length is not straight-line distance between the switch and APs but calculated based on cabling rules). 2.Avoid heavy magnetic and electronic interferences on the sites where access switches are installed. 3.Ensure that reliable AC power supply is available on the sites where the access switches are installed. 4.Protect the switches from moisture and dust (purchase protection boxes according to environment situations). 5.Determine the number of access APs based on the number of switch interfaces, PoE power supply capability of the power module, and AP power consumption (note that outdoor APs have high power consumption). Deployment of Access Switches Page 26

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Cabling Rules and Power Supply Modes Power supply using a PoE adapter (applicable to scenarios where no AC power supply is available) PoE power supply for APs (preferred), in compliance with 802.3at Local AC power supply (applicable to indoor APs in scenarios where AC power supply is available) PoE power supply Local AC power supply Using PoE adapter Power Supply Modes Cabling Rules 1.Ensure that the cable length from the AP to the access switch does not exceed 80 meters. 2.Reserve 5-meter length for cable adjustment. 3.Keep the network cables far away from electromagnetic field. 4.Obtain the customer's and property owner's approval on the cabling routes. Page 27

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Project Case Page 28 Project Preparation Product Selection 1 2 Bandwidth Design 3 Contents Deployment Design 4 5

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Stadium High-Density Coverage Project Page 29 High-density coverage project for XX stadium Project Preparation: The following table describes project requirements collected from customers. ItemRequirement Coverage area Stands and corridors Switch location Wired aggregation point marked on the map Onsite environment There is no interference source onsite. Terminal type Phones and tablets Service type Web page browsing, social networking, and video playing (a few requirements) User distribution The number of users on the stand at each layer has been collected. Available channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100,104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128,132, 136, 140

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. AP Deployment at the Second Layer Stand Page 30

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 9 m … … First row of APs: Total distance: 650 m Number of APs required: 650 m/9 = 72 Second row of APs: Total distance: 580 m Number of APs required: 580 m/9 = 64 AP Deployment at the Second Layer Stand Page 31

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. …  Ensure that the distance between the AP and switch is smaller than 80 m.  Maximum power consumption of each AP: 25 W  Maximum output PoE power of an access switch: 380 W  Each access switch connects to 10 APs.  Number of access switches required: ( )/10 = 14 Access Switch Deployment at the Second Layer Stand Page 32

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.  Total number of APs: = 136  Total number of users:  Based on the model "Bandwidth-AP distance-Concurrent users on each AP" and the terminal type ratio (2.4 GHz:5 GHz = 1:1), each AP allows 45 concurrent users and each user obtains a bandwidth of 300 to 500 kbps.  Number of concurrent users: 45 x 136 = 6120  Percentage of concurrent users: 6120/28000 = 21.85%  All users at the second layer stand can connect to the Wi-Fi network concurrently. Bandwidth and Capacity Design for the Second Layer Stand Page 33

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. AP Deployment at the First Layer Stand Page 34

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 9 m … … First row of APs: Total distance: 545 m Number of required APs: 545 m/9 = 60 Second row of APs: Total distance: 500 m Number of required APs: 500 m/9 = 55 AP Deployment at the First Layer Stand Page 35

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Access Switch Deployment at the First Layer Stand …  Ensure that the distance between the AP and switch is smaller than 80 m.  Maximum power consumption of each AP: 25 W  Maximum output PoE power of an access switch: 380 W  Each access switch connects to 10 APs.  Number of access switches required: ( )/10 = 12 Page 36

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Bandwidth and Capacity Design for the First Layer Stand  Total number of APs: = 115  Total number of users:  Based on the model "Bandwidth-AP distance-Concurrent users on each AP" and the terminal type ratio (2.4 GHz:5 GHz = 1:1), each AP allows 45 concurrent users and each user obtains a bandwidth of 300 to 500 kbps.  Number of concurrent users: 45 x 115 = 5175  Percentage of concurrent users: 5175/23000 = 22.5%  All users at the first layer stand can connect to the Wi-Fi network concurrently. Page 37

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Signal Coverage in Corridors AP ModelQuantitySwitch AP 6010DN46 x 26 x 2 Page 38

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Bandwidth Design for Corridors  Total number of APs: 46 for each floor  Total area of each corridor: 5860 m2  Number of users per square meter: 1.2  Total number of users: 7032  Based on the model "Bandwidth-AP distance-Concurrent users on each AP" and the terminal type ratio (2.4 GHz:5 GHz = 1:1), each AP allows 45 concurrent users and each user obtains a bandwidth of 300 to 500 kbps.  Number of concurrent users: 45 x 46 = 2070  Percentage of concurrent users: 2070/7032 = 29.43%  All users in the corridors can connect to the Wi-Fi network concurrently. Page 39

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Location Number of seats AP LocationAP6510DNAnt1Ant2 Access Switch RF Cable Attenuator Second layer stand First row Second row First layer stand First row Second row Total LocationAP6010DNAccess Switch Indoor corridor (second floor) 466 Indoor corridor (fifth floor) 466 Material List Page 40

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. MaterialTypeQuantityBackup AP AP6510DN25125 AP6010DN929 Antenna Ant Ant ACAC RF cableRF Cable-3 m AttenuatorAttenuator-15 dB50250 Access switchS P-PWR-LI-AC38 Material Statistics Page 41

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 保密材料，注意发放范围 Page 42 Thanks

COPYRIGHT ©2006 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 43 Appendix: Network Planning Support Channel Network planning solution In China: Outside China: Front-line personnel HQ Enterprise Networking Professional Services Zhaoyawei Front-line personnel HQ Enterprise Networking Professional Services Xuzhi Zhengxiaodong Zhaoyawei 69768