Chapter 26.3 Winning the War US involvement WWI Doughboy Sammy Yank Teddy
Patriotic Tune Over There, 2:18 GLw
=gsdSjN9ubSg&safe=active “Over There,” by George M. Cohan 1917
Youtube WWI video OKs OKs 6:30
Focus Q: April 15 Pretend you are a US soldier in WWI. What are the similarities and differences btwn you and a German soldier? similaritiesdifferences
Waging Total War 1.To fight a modern, mechanized war countries need to change to: **total war: channeling all of a nation’s resources to the war effort** 2.To do this, govts assume much more control over the economy and culture of their people.
Economies Committed to War Production 1.By 1916, all countries impose **conscription = the draft** 2.Govts raise taxes, borrow $ (bonds) Ration important items—sugar, meat, boots, coffee—Why? Set prices, forbid strikes
Patriotism or Hate?
Economic Warfare British Blockade 1.BR navy blockades the North Sea and stops goods from entering or leaving GER by sea 2.International law allows blockades of contraband—military goods, raw materials 3.**BR blockade violated international law b/c it stopped food and clothing too** K Germans starve to death
Economic Warfare 1.GER retaliates w/ a sub blockade around BR 2.It was very effective—sank 1000’s of allied merchant vessels 3.Some merchant ships carried war supplies— Lusitania—and were sunk 4.GER goes btwn unrestricted and restricted submarine warfare 5.Sinking of US ships was a major reason the US got involved in the war
Lusitania 1.1 of the worst disasters—May 7, ***Lusitania—British ship sunk by German U-boat die, 128 Americans*** GER thinks it has ammo, explosives—it did 3.US opinion changes to anti-GER
Lusitania, 1911
Most successful German sub, U-35, Sank 224 ships
Propaganda War 1.Total war meant controlling public opinion Censor the press, don’t allow criticism of the war effort or allies Keep casualty figures secret Censor movies, mags, the arts
Propaganda War 1.**propaganda: spreading ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause** Draftbuy war bonds support the war, our allies hate the enemy support rationing
Recruitment Posters 1917
American Poster Patriotism or Hate?
Financing the War Patriotism or Hate?
Women Join the War Effort Women played a critical role in total war 1.Took over men’s jobs in war factories 2.Join women’s branches of armed forces 3.Help grow food 4.Nurses, ambulance drivers, secretaries 5.Sell war bonds, improvise w/ rationing
For Recruitment Patriotism or Hate?
Munitions Workers
Patriotism or Hate?
What are you supposed to do and why?
French Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses Red Cross Nurses
Russian Women Soldiers
Women Join the War Effort 1.Gave women a sense of pride, confidence 2.After the war, most women are forced back home 3.They proved they could do jobs as well as men 4.In many countries, b/c of their war efforts women get suffrage (BR, US, GER)
19 th Amendment 1920
I laughed…… Apparently taking a day off is not something you should do when you work for a calendar company. The guests in this hotel are always stealing all the soaps, shower gels and shampoos from their rooms. Dirty bastards. I bought shoes from a second hand shop. I think they must've belonged to some junkie though because I've been tripping the whole day. I wonder how letters ever get to the recipient. The envelopes, afterall, are stationery.
Morale Collapses 1.By 1917, morale was poor for troops and civilians 2.GER sent 15 yr. olds to the front 3.BR nearly bankrupt 4.Some FR units mutiny 5.Some IT soldiers desert 6.Russia quits the war for revolution back home, 1917
Russian Revolution 1.March 1917, Russia overthrow the Czar 2. **at 1 st, welcome the overthrow of the Czar, hoping Russia would become democratic and a stronger Allie.** 3.V.I. Lenin comes to power later in Signs peace agreement w/ GER 5.BIG DEAL!! Now GER can concentrate on the Western Front.
US Enters the War: Why Join Allies? 1.**cultural ties w/ BR: language, common history, religion, culture** , GER resumes unrestricted submarine warfare of merchant ships 3.**Zimmerman Note: GER promises to give Mexico lands the US took (TX, NM, AZ) if Mexico supports Central Powers**
The Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Telegram
The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!
US Enters the War: Why Join Allies? Not all Americans support this 1.Some GER Americans support Central Powers 2.**Irish Americans oppose the war b/c they resent BR rule of Ireland**
Yanks, Teddy’s, Sammy’s, Doughboys 1.April 1917, Wilson asks Congress to declare war on GER to “make the world safe for democracy” 2.2 million US soldiers get to the Western Front 3.US troops are very motivated, improve morale of Allies who’d been fighting 2.5 yrs
Wilson’s 14 Points: Plan for World Peace 1.Wilson’s plan to end this war and prevent future wars. He wants: Freedom of the seas, Free trade Arms reductions, No secret treaties League of Nations 2.**in Eastern Europe, he wants countries to choose their own form of govt** (self-determination)
Victory at Last 1.GER and A-H too exhausted to continue 2.GER generals tell the Kaiser they can’t win 3.At 11 am on Nov. 11, 1918 the Great War ends 4.Armistice Day—now Veteran’s Day
26 creative side You are a soldier fighting in Europe. Write a 1 page letter home describing your experiences. Consider: weapons, deaths of friends, food, fatigue, loneliness, injuries, the “glories of war,” camaraderie, the enemy, etc.