The New Deal ( )

Election of 1932 DEMOCRAT Franklin Delano Roosevelt – Former Governor of NY – Public Works Programs – Cut Federal Budget REPUBLICAN Herbert Hoover – Current President – Highly blamed for Great Depression

Roosevelt Quote “I assert that modern society, acting through its Government, owes the definite obligation to prevent the starvation or the dire want of any of its fellow men and women who try to maintain themselves but cannot”

The Banking Crisis Emergency Bank Act – Government officials power to examine banks Glass-Steagall Act – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – Government insurance for depositors’ savings

The Hundred Days The New Deal – Relief, recovery, reform Many new government programs created 15 major bills

Critics of the New Deal Too close to banks and businesses Attacks on Jewish figures in F.D.R’s administration Not enough done for older Americans

Opposition from the Courts President has too much power? Some of F.D.R’s policies unconstitutional

Emergency Relief Work Relief – No handouts – work for pay Works Progress Administration (WPA) – 8.5 million Americans employed – Built roads, subways, airports, zoos – Recorded oral histories of former slaves

Social Security Social Security Act – Provided regular payment for people 65 and older

FDR

New Deal Programs Relief: immediate help, direct or indirect Recovery: temporary programs to restart the economy Reform: Permanent programs to prevent another depression

Relief Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): jobs on conservation projects to young men Social Security Act

Recovery FDIC – insurance for bank deposits Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Law) – Established minimum wages and maximum hours

Reform Federal Housing Administration (FHA) – Loans for renovating or building homes

Life During the New Deal-Women Frances Perkins – First woman to head an executive department (Labor)

Eleanor Roosevelt-Wife! Major Social Issues – Stopped lynching of African Americans Personal Newspaper Column – My Day No other First Lady played such an important role in government

African Americans Mary McLeod Bethune – First African American woman to head a federal agency Did not see a lot of New Deal relief First time African Americans voted for a Democrat – voted for Republicans since Lincoln

Popular Entertainment 63% of Americans attended a movie each week Popular Movies included – The Grapes of Wrath – King Kong – Snow White and the Seven Dwarves – The Wizard of Oz

Radio Fireside Chats – F.D.R. talks with the public The War of the Worlds – So realistic that people actually believed aliens had taken over Swing music popularized – a version of jazz

Sports Joe DiMaggio – New York Yankee Joe Louis – Boxing Jesse Owens – Track and Field – 4 gold medals!

Impact Relief, recovery, and reform Changed relationship with government Bigger Government

Limits 4.7 million people were no served Temporary relief…not permanent Permitted discrimination

End Weakening Support – Anti-New Deal Senators – Afraid that the Executive Branch was too powerful