Pump-Up Now that the Civil War is over, predict how life will change.

Reconstruction

Today’s Vocabulary 14 th Amendment –Gave citizenship to all people born or naturalized within the U.S. 15 th Amendment –Gave African American men the right to vote. Carpetbaggers –Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction.

Today’s Vocabulary Sharecroppers –Farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. Compromise of 1877 –Event in which Hayes became president in return for the removal of troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.

Reconstruction Plans Freedmen’s Bureau –Helped African Americans adjust after war. 40 acres and a mule. Ten Percent Plan (Lincoln) –Offered amnesty to those who pledge loyalty to Union and support emancipation. –States can rejoin Union once 10% of the voters have done this. Wade-Davis Bill (Moderate Republicans) –Wanted a majority to pledge loyalty before states can rejoin the Union. –Lincoln kills with a pocket veto.

Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth Lincoln died April 15, –Hoped to create chaos within the gov’t to help the Confederacy win the war.

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Resembled Lincoln’s plan but: –Southerners who owned property worth more than $20,000 would have to apply for a pardon. Problems: –Little protection for freedmen. –Any man could vote.

Life during Reconstruction Black Codes –Limited rights of African Americans. Local law enforcement helped promote these laws. –Ku Klux Klan

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans –Favored tougher requirements for restoring southern states governments. Civil Rights Act of 1866 –Granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S. except Native Americans. 14 th Amendment –Required states to grant citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.” –Cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Reconstruction Acts Divided South into 5 military districts. Required states to: –Ratify the 14 th Amendment. –Guarantee freedmen the right to vote. –Elect new gov’t officials. Tenure of Office Act –Required Senate permission to remove any official whose appointment had required Senate approval.

Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson fired Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton.  Johnson was impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act.  1 vote short of convicting him.

15 th Amendment Ulysses S. Grant becomes president. 15 th Amendment –People could not be denied the right to vote because of their race. –Women criticize.

Scalawags & Carpetbaggers Scalawags –Southerners who supported Reconstruction. –Seen as traitors. Carpetbaggers –Northerners who came south to take part in Reconstruction. –Seen as intruders seeking to exploit the South.

South in ruins Hall of Justice protected by army “carpetbag & bayonet rule” “The Solid South” President Grant rides atop a carpetbag stuffed with guns and bayonets, along with federal soldiers

Changing Southern Government 1,500 African Americans gained gov’t position jobs. Southern reforms: –Outlawed Black Codes. –Built hospitals and public schools. –Funded construction of railroads.

Life after Slavery Most African Americans continued to farm. Educational opportunities expand. –Hampton Institute taught freedmen vocational skills. –Howard University became the 1 st law school for African Americans. Churches promoted a sense of “community.”

Sharecroppers & Tenant Farmers Sharecroppers –Work land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. Tenant Farming –Rented the land they farmed from the landowner. Continually stayed in debt.

Problems KKK Widespread poverty. Scandals in Grant’s administration. –The Whiskey Ring Depression.

“Redeeming” the South Jim Crow laws and the Grandfather Clause weekend African American voting rights. Redeemers –Democrats who won back their states from Republicans.

Election of 1876 Republican –Rutherford B. Hayes Democrat –Samuel J. Tilden “Tilden or War” Compromise of 1877 –Republican Hayes became president. –Withdrew troops from the South.

Reconstruction’s Legacy New South –South no longer primarily based on agriculture. Solid South –Redeemers found ways to return African Americans back to “an era of second slavery.”

Reflection How does the South rebuild itself after the Civil War and explain what it is like for African Americans in the South after the Civil War.