Federalist Party  ….GW (Virginia), Adams VP, TJ sec State  …..John Adams (Mass), TJ VP Republican Party  …..TJ (Virginia), Madison- Sec State  ……Madison (Virginia), Monroe- Sec State  ……Monroe (Virginia), JQA- Sec State National Republican Party (only one)  …..JQA (Mass), Henry Clay-Sec State (Loser)

American System 2 nd Bank of US Protective Tariffs Internal Improvements

H Congress’s attempt to unite the US Henry Clay  2nd BUS 1816 promote a stronger economy State bank problems Federal funds Opposition  Protective Tariff of 1816 Purpose? Webster vs. Calhoun  Transportation System  National Road  Support in West

UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL Born in Virginia in 1758 College of William and Mary Fought with Continental Army Lawyer US Senator Louisiana Purchase Elected President in 1816 and served from 1817 to Era of Good Feelings Election of 1816 Cabinet Election of 1820 President James Monroe

Map 7 of 45 Expansion of the United States with Louisiana Purchase 1803

Map 7 of 45 Expansion of the United States with Louisiana Purchase Did the US fight a war? Name of war and country fought? 2.Did the US buy land? From whom and how much? 3.President responsible 4.Name of treaty and date.

Rush-Bagot Agreement ( ) –Treaty with Great Britain Demilitarize Great Lakes Anglo-American Convention of 1818 Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years 49th parallel Rush-Bagot Agreement ( ) –Treaty with Great Britain Demilitarize Great Lakes Anglo-American Convention of 1818 Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years 49th parallel

Convention of 1818 with Great Britain 49 th Parallel Agreed to joint occupation

–After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida –Seminole Indians conducted raids into U.S. territory (retreated to Florida) –After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida –Seminole Indians conducted raids into U.S. territory (retreated to Florida) President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders – Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders – Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs

Adams-Onis Treaty (1818) –Spain turned over western Florida along with all to the east Claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S. –US agreed to pay $5 million to Spain Adams-Onis Treaty (1818) –Spain turned over western Florida along with all to the east Claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S. –US agreed to pay $5 million to Spain

Convention of 1818 with Great Britain Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 with Spain 49 th Parallel Texas

Map expansion

 Spirit of Nationalism in US  Country is united, confident, and growing  , 9 states joined the original 13.  One political party---D-Republican partyD-Republican party  Respect from Europe  Monroe first president to visit all states GWT  “Era of Good Feelings”  Troubled

HCultural Nationalism –books and paintings of Revolutionary –Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller HEconomic Nationalism AMERICAN SYSTEM –Political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy AMERICAN SYSTEM HPolitical Nationalism –Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

The Panic of 1819 Cause –Declining Cotton prices –Over speculation on western lands –2 nd BUS  called back loans  foreclosure **Sectional Differences in the nation**

Economy Leader ____________ Role of Government NORTHEAST Daniel Webster _______________ Wanted Tariffs** Backed internal improvements End to cheap public land Increasingly nationalistic Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it. SOUTH John C. Calhoun _______________ Opposed tariffs** and government spending on American System Increasingly supportive of states’ rights Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it. WEST Henry Clay ______________ Supported internal improvements and American System. Wanted cheap land Loyal to the U.S. Govt. Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.

Economy Leader __________ Role of Government Economy Leader __________ Role of Government NORTHEAST Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster ____________Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster ____________ Wanted TariffsWanted Tariffs Backed internal improvementsBacked internal improvements Wanted end to cheap public landWanted end to cheap public land Increasingly nationalisticIncreasingly nationalistic Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.

Economy Leader __________ Role of Government SOUTH Cotton growingCotton growing John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun_____________ Opposed tariffs and government spending on American SystemOpposed tariffs and government spending on American System Increasingly supportive of states’ rightsIncreasingly supportive of states’ rights Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.

WEST Frontier agricultureFrontier agriculture Henry ClayHenry Clay_____________ Supported internal improvementsSupported internal improvements Wanted cheap landWanted cheap land Loyal to the U.S. Govt.Loyal to the U.S. Govt. Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issueAgainst slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue Economy Leader __________ Role of Government

Economy Leader ____________ Role of Government NORTHEAST Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster _______________ Wanted Tariffs Backed internal improvements End to cheap public land Increasingly nationalistic Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it. SOUTH Cotton-growing John C. Calhoun _______________ Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System Increasingly supportive of states’ rights Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it. WEST Frontier agriculture Henry Clay ______________ Supported internal improvements and American System. Wanted cheap land Loyal to the U.S. Govt. Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.

In 1819, Missouri, first part of the Louisiana Purchase to apply for statehood –Threatened balance of power in Congress 11 free states 11 slave states –The Tallmadge amendment prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. Passed by the House, NOT in the Senate. – why? –North – House control –South - Senate power to block

Missouri - Maine - In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36  30', slavery was prohibited After months of heated debate in Congress, Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills that represented a compromise

*Supremacy of Federal Gov’t* ** Loose Construction ** Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) NH  Dartmouth private to public SC – NO!  sanctity of contracts  Impact? McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Elastic Clause Supremacy Clause “The power to tax is the power to destroy” Gibbons v. Ogden Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Interstate Commerce – Federal Power

Dartmouth College v. Wooodward (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

New Latin American countries were formed from successful revolutions.

Russians and Alaska The British Offer –Joint declaration with US… Caribbean –J.Q. Adams – Europe would not invade If so, British Navy would stop them CUBA

Claimed by the US, Great Britain and Russia Russia was claiming California too Rush-Bagot 1818

It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies. Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies. Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere No European Colonization in the Americas US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere No European Colonization in the Americas US will stay out of European affairs Monroe Doctrine US recognized existing European Colonies

Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

Dartmouth Col v Woodward (1819) ISSUE: States trying to control board overseeing a private college, established under royal charter. SC: Charters are legal contracts. Dartmouth remained private. PRECEDENT: Loose interpretation of the constitution, “contract” Judicial Review of State Decisions. Marshall said states gave up some rights when ratified the Constitution, no longer sovereign.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ISSUE: Southern States seek to limit the power of the National Bank. Maryland placed a high tax on the Bank of US. SC: Bank is Constitutional, necessary and proper clause. PRECEDENT: Loose interpretation of the Constitution, esp. necessary and proper clause. States can not tax federal institution. Supremacy Clause.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ISSUE: NY gave Ogden monopoly over Hudson River Ferry Service. US gave Gibbons control of the same river. State monopolies are worthless. PRECEDENT: State power to grant monopolies is limited. Federal supremacy over- interstate commerce. Loose interpretation of the Constitution, federal government regulates inter-state commerce.

Adams advised, "It would be more candid... to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a cock-boat in the wake of the British man-of-war." Monroe accepted Adams's advice. Adams advised, "It would be more candid... to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a cock-boat in the wake of the British man-of-war." Monroe accepted Adams's advice. monroe doctrine Not only must Latin America be left alone, he warned, but also Russia must not encroach southward on the Pacific coast. "... the American continents," He stated, "by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European Power." Not only must Latin America be left alone, he warned, but also Russia must not encroach southward on the Pacific coast. "... the American continents," He stated, "by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European Power."

Claimed by the US, Great Britain and Russia Russia was claiming California too Rush-Bagot 1818

FR Response Choose 2 The Monroe Doctrine has been called the “cornerstone” of American foreign policy in the western hemisphere. How did the following events influence the Monroe Administration to issue the Monroe Doctrine? Choose 2 of the following to write on. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation, 1793 Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796 XYZ Affair Louisiana Purchase Chesapeake Affair Embargo Act 1807 War of 1812