Bell ringer 4.26 What is RNA? What is RNA’s purpose? What makes up a RNA nucleotide? What nitrogenous bases are present in RNA? What base is not found in RNA? What is the base pair rule when transcribing DNA?

Making Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA  combination of DNA from two sources

1. Isolate DNA/gene from two sources Ring of DNA found in bacteria in addition to its main chromosome

2. Cut both DNA with the same restriction enzyme.

DNA cut by restriction enzymes has “sticky ends” Different restriction enzymes cut DNA in different locations. Use the pictures to the left to identify the restriction enzyme pictured in your notes. Is it BamHI or EcoRI?

3. Mix the DNA molecules together, sticky ends will match

4. Once the recombinant DNA is made you can insert it into bacteria, the bacteria is now TRANSGENIC.

The bacteria reproduces, making many copies of the donor gene. In this case many bacteria are produced that are capable of produced insulin.

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Genetically engineered products include some medicines and food.

1.Human Insulin Insulin regulates the blood sugar level. The gene for human insulin is inserted into yeast or bacteria, from which large quantities of the human insulin are manufactured.

2. Golden Rice Genes for making beta-carotene are taken from daffodils (yellow flower) and inserted into the genome of rice

What is the benefit? Blindness in undernourished people in poorer countries is often caused by a lack of vitamin A which is produced by beta carotene.

3. Bt Crops Bt is a bacterium that is toxic to some insects. In the lab, the gene that produces the toxic effect is inserted into the DNA of plants. Bt crops produce an insecticide protein thousands of times more powerful than the chemical spray insecticides.

4. Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone rBGH is a genetically engineered version of a hormone, which is found in the pituitary gland of cows and controls milk production. rBGH can increase cows’ milk production by as much as 20-30%

Agenda for Today  Bell Ringer  Notes (Bacterial Transformation)  Group Packet  3 members  Packet (limited)  Scissors (limited)  Glue (limited)  Progress Report 1 on 1’s  Bring back any missing work to turn in!