Hypo and Hypersecretion Endocrine Disorders Hypo and Hypersecretion

Endocrine Disorders Hypo secretion and Hypersecretion of hormones result in several well describe disorders.

Dwarfism Pituitary dwarfism is a result of a hypo secretion of growth hormone. Long bone growth is slowed, body proportions are normal

Dwarfism Pituitary dwarfism is a result of a hypo secretion of growth hormone. Long bone growth is slowed, body proportions are normal Treatment with growth hormone may restore normal growth

Dwarfism There are over 300 distinct medical conditions that can result in dwarfism A person may be classified as a dwarf if their adult height is less than 4 feet 10 inches.

Gigantism Pituitary gigantism is a result of a hypersecretion of growth hormone in children. People can reach a height of 8 feet. This is usually the result of a pituitary tumor.

Gigantism Pituitary gigantism is a result of a hypersecretion of growth hormone in children. People can reach a height of 8 feet. This is usually the result of a pituitary tumor.

Acromegaly Acromegaly is a result of growth hormone hypersecretion after the epiphyseal plates have closed. Over growth of the hands Feet Face

Growth Hormone Abuse Growth hormone has become a source of abuse by athletes because of its anabolic characteristics. Stimulates muscle development Muscle strength is not proportionate Cancer and diabetes may occur

Hypothyroidism

Cretinism Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones

Cretinism Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones Causes may be genetic or due to a lack of iodine in the diet

Cretinism

Myxedema Myxedema is a condition of severe hypothyroidism seen in adults. Changes include: Thickening of the skin Puffy eyes Lethargy Mental slowness

Myxedema

Goiter The conditions of cretinism and myxedema may be caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet. In this, the thyroid gland enlarges and protrudes from the neck. Iodine supplements can reverse the above conditions.

Goiter

Grave’s Disease Grave’s disease is caused by hyperthyroidism. This is a autoimmune disease where the antibodies mimic TSH, stimulating TH release. Symptoms include: Elevated metabolic rate Sweating Rapid heart rate Weight loss Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eye balls)

Grave’s Disease

Cushing’s Disease Cushing’s Disease is caused by an excess of ACTH being secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Cushing’s syndrome which is cased by a over secretion of glucocorticoids by medications.

Cushing’s Disease Symptoms include: Loss of muscle and bone protein Water and salt retention Moon face due to swelling A “Buffalo Hump” on the back of the neck

Cushing’s Disease

Addison’s Disease Addison’s disease is also known as adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal cortex is hypoactive. Symptoms include: Weight loss Dehydration Low bold pressure Hyperpigmentation of the skin

Addison’s Disease

Diabete mellitus Diabetes can exist in two forms. Type I or Juvenile Diabetes Type II or adult onset diabetes

Diabetes mellitus Type I or Juvenile Diabetes is an autoimmune disease and patients are insulin dependent. Its onset is usually in child hood. Type II is called adult onset diabetes. Patients typically can control symptoms by diet and weight loss.

Diabetes mellitus Symptoms of diabetes include: Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia