World War II (1939 – 1945). Background Hitler takes territories before war Rhineland (1936) Sudetenland (1938) [Austria] France and England allowed it.

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Presentation transcript:

World War II (1939 – 1945)

Background Hitler takes territories before war Rhineland (1936) Sudetenland (1938) [Austria] France and England allowed it appeasement Hitler keeps going Wants to take Poland (used to belong to Germany)

Nonaggression Pact Russia signs with Germany Public (promise not to attack each other) Privately (dividing Poland) Gave Hitler assurance he would not be attacked from the east

1939 Germany marches on Poland Appeasement ends (France and England had promised protection) Blitzkrieg – “lightning War” – quick and forceful Allies not ready

Allies England France (sort of) Russia U.S. (not until 1941)

Axis powers Italy Germany Japan

1940 Winston Churchill takes power in England Germany crushes France and takes Paris (France out of war) Battle of Britain Attack on England Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombs England Royal Air Force (RAF) keeps Germany from winning – puts up good fight Japan joins Axis

1941 Axis Winning (have most of Europe – much of SE Asia) Germany invades Soviet Union (Russia) without declaring war We interrupt this program…

Dec. 7, 1941 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor U.S. enters war

Background 1937 – Japan invades Manchuria (China) and threatens to conquer more territory 1941 – U.S. place oil embargo (halt) against Japan Both sides issue demands and neither agree U.S. sends supplies to China Japan sends delegates to U.S.

3 Proposals by Japan 1. quit supplying China with food, ammo. 2. start shipping oil to Japan again 3. stay out of Asia’s affairs

December 7, 1941 Japanese Leaders (Admiral Isoruko Yamamoto, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, Emperor Hirohito)

The Invasion Attack begins at 7:55 a.m. Battleship row (USS Arizona hit hardest) About 100 Navy ships at Pearl Harbor (7 were primary targets on Battleship Row) Japanese goal – take out 3 aircraft carriers and hit fuel storage Carriers were out to sea that day Missed fuel storage

Pearl Harbor 2 waves of attacks 21 ships sunk, capsized or destroyed 10 were important 8 were battleships Roughly 180 planes destroyed, 150 damaged Only 43 operational aircraft are left (38 into the air, 10 shot down) Over 3500 casualties (2403 killed) 1177 were trapped in the Arizona Not enough damage for Japan

Japanese casualties 29 planes lost (5 midget submarines) 100 men die

Importance of Pearl Harbor Brings U.S. into war (vs. both Japan and Germany) Japan gets A-bombed (eventually) Back to our regularly scheduled program…

1942 – turning point in the war 1. El Alamein England beats Germany out of Egypt and North Africa 2. Stalingrad Soviets initially driven back to Moscow and Stalingrad Burn everything as they retreat so Germans have no supplies, food, or shelter Hitler refuses to retreat (big mistake) 3. Midway and Battle of the Coral Sea NW of Hawaii (beat Japan)