©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Eleven – Prevention of Illness through Infection Control Research Findings and Need for Wellness Policies  Early childhood programs that have set routines for cleaning and disinfecting lower germ transmission  Infants and toddlers are more vulnerable because their bodies are smaller  Children do no thave good hygiene practices  3 key tools of risk management for health are:  prevention, protection, and promotion

Research Findings and Need for Wellness Policies Five Commandments of Infectious Disease Control Prevent spread of disease Require and monitor immunizations Report some illnesses to public health authorities and parents Exclude some children Be prepared to deal with an ill child, if need be ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread  diseases spread through the air and person to person contact  Infants and toddlers mouth toys, so are more likely to be exposed to organisms that cause disease  4 ways germs spread  respiratory  Fecal/oral  Direct contact  Blood contact ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread  Respiratory Tract Transmission  Sneeze, cough, drool  Tiny droplets from eyes, mouth and nose are in air  Transmitted through air when another person breathes it in  They can multiply and cause illness - live for 2 hours  Hand washing is major deterrent to spread ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread  Fecal-Oral Transmission  Germs from one person’s feces find their way into another person’s mouth, are swallowed and get into the digestive system  Causes "stomach flu", diarrhea,  Most common way is when hands are not washed after toileting, before eating, or food preparation  Water tables are another method - exposure to Crypto  Proper food preparation is necessary  Hand washing is major deterrent to spread ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread Direct Contact Transmission Occurs when one person has contact with secretions from an infected person Secretions can be left on doorknobs, toys, bedding, books, and other objects Also occurs with parasites, such as lice infestation which occurs with contact Good hygiene, including hand washing and sanitizing are deterrents to spread ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread  Blood Contact Transmission  Occurs when infected blood of one person enters bloodstream of another person  Spread occurs when infected person has cut, scraped skin, or bloody nose and person interacting with infected person has open sore, chapped hands, etc.  Can also occur when mucous membranes come into contact with infected blood  Disposable gloves should be worn when treating presence of blood  Child-biting becomes a serious issue ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Spread ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Immunizations for Disease Prevention Follow recommended schedule for immunizations Children who are not immunized put others at risk During a disease outbreak unimmunized children should be excluded Track immunizations so all children are up to date ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reality Check: At Risk for Preventable Diseases  Why do some children go unimmunized?  What is the procedure if your state allows religious or personal beliefs to prevent a child’s immunization? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Universal Sanitary Practices for the Early Childhood Education Environment Hand Washing Use Universal Sanitary Hand Washing Procedures 4 steps: Use soap and water Rub hands for 20 seconds Dry with a paper towel Turn off the faucet with a paper towel ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

UNIVERSAL SANITARY PRACTICES FOR THE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT Hand washing for children & teachers Upon arrival Before eating or drinking After touching a sick child After using the toilet or changing a diaper After coughing/sneezing Before/after using a water table Before/after using a sand box After touching animals Handwashing for teachers After handling bodily fluids Before/after/during food prep Before/after giving meds After toileting a child After handling toys After moving to another age group ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Universal Sanitary Practices for the Early Childhood Education Environment Diapering Proper diapering procedures should be followed to avoid the spread of infection Special covered container for soiled diapers Use gloves Put soiled clothes in a bag Wash hands of child and teacher Procedures pg 419 ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Universal Sanitary Practices for the Early Childhood Education Environment Toileting This is a good time to teach children about the importance of hand washing Sanitize the toilet and sink daily Conveniently located inside Child size toilet or potty seat Observe them when they are washing hands Teach the 20 second rule. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Universal Sanitary Practices for the Early Childhood Education Environment  Cleaning, Disinfecting, Sanitizing  Cleaning - stops the growth of germs, remove dirt  Sanitize - Germs will reduced to level at which disease transmission is unlikely  Disinfecting - Kills ALL the bacteria  Use green cleaning products when possible  Contamination - refers to cleaning process of bodily fluids ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Contamination clean up Step 1. - Remove children from the area, remove all toys Step 2 - Put on protective gear and remove the waste Step 3 - Use tongs to pick up objects in the spill Step 4 - Dispose of spill waste Step 5 - Remove gear, washing hands with disinfectant, then wash with soap for 20 seconds Step 6 - When the area is clean, dry and properly disinfected, the children can return to the area ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Environmental Quality Control for Disease Prevention  Water Play & Play Dough -  germs like to multiply here. Children are putting their hands in the water and spreading the germs  Wash hands before and after  Air Qualityd  Contamination Monitor for disease prevention ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Supporting and Engaging Diverse Families  Engaging Diverse Families  Immunizations  Educate about keeping ill children at home  Cultural Competence  Provide resources for connection to source for immunization  Activities for Family Engagement ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Building Curriculum For Children Modeling and practicing what they have seen Hand washing Sneezing Coughing Books Art ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.