Afghanistan: A Case Study. Definitions Fight Zones: presence of an enemy or invader is equivalent to an actual invasion. Flight Zones: sufficiently unimportant,

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Presentation transcript:

Afghanistan: A Case Study

Definitions Fight Zones: presence of an enemy or invader is equivalent to an actual invasion. Flight Zones: sufficiently unimportant, survival emotions low, no value or emotional commitment to defend. Critical Zones: when entered a sense of wariness, must decide to fight or flee. Often precipitate defensive conflicts.

Ethnic Distribution

1933 Zahir Shah becomes king and brings 40 years of stability

1953 General Mohammad Daoud Khan becomes Prime Minister. Closer political ties to the USSR in exchange for economic & military aid

1973 General Mohammad Daoud Khan overthrows the king, abolishes the monarchy and establishes the Republic of Afghanistan

1978 Years of repression lead to Khan’s overthrow. Afghan Communist Party under Nur Mohammad Taraki takes control. Infighting between Taraki and Hafizullah Amin creates instability. A conservative Islamic revolt begins in the countryside

1979 American Ambassador Adolph Dubs is killed during attempted kidnapping by Islamic extremists. Taraki is killed by Amin supporters, and the USSR invades to restore order

1980 Mujahedin rebels groups band together to fight the Soviet invasion and the Soviet backed Afghan Army

Mujahedin are being supplied by USA, Britain, China, and Saudi Arabia with shipments arriving via Pakistan through the Khyber Pass. 1986

Khyber Pass

Al-Qaeda is formed to support the fight against the Soviets. 1988

Soviets withdraw but leave Mohammad Najibullah, a Soviet backed President, in power. 1989

Najibullah is overthrown and various warlords begin to fight among themselves 1992

Taliban emerge from the civil war and gain power and support presence of Al- Qaeda 1995

USA bombs Al- Qaeda training camps in response to bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in Africa 1998

Terrorist training camp

WTC : September 11 th - Coalition bombing of Afghanistan : October - Northern Alliance defeat Taliban: November - Hamid Karzai : interim leader December. 2001

? Coalition troops battle Taliban and Al-Qaeda insurgents, and work on reconstruction projects. Withdrawal of all coalition troops expected to be completed by 2014.