Diverse Cultures in Southeast Asia CH 13 The Spread of Civilization in East & Southeast Asia Use to complete 12-L Cloze Notes

OBJECTIVES Describe the geography of Southeast Asia Understand the impact of India on the history of Southeast Asia Summarize the characteristics of the new kingdoms and empires in Southeast Asia Explain the emergence of Vietnam

OBJECTIVE One Describe the geography of Southeast Asia

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 1)Mainland Southeast Asia a.Myanmar, Malaysia Vietnam Laos Cambodia Thailand Myanmar Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, & parts of Malaysia

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 1)Mainland Southeast Asia b.Separated from the rest of Asia by mountains & high plateaus H i m a l a y a s T i b e t a n P l a t e a u

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 1)Mainland Southeast Asia c) Four Main River Valleys – the Irrawaddy, Chao Phraya, Mekong, & Red Irrawady River

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 2)Islands Southwest Asia a.More than 20,000 islands between the Indian Ocean & the South China Sea; includes Indian Ocean South China Sea

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 2)Island Southwest Asia a.More than 20,000 islands between the Indian Ocean & the South China Sea; includes Indonesia, & the Philippines Singapore, Brunei,

I. Geography of Southeast Asia A.Two Regions 2)Island Southwest Asia a.Malacca or Sundra Straits Malacca Strait

I. Geography of Southeast Asia B.Trade Routes in Southern Seas 1)Monsoons, or seasonal winds, influence trading patterns

I. Geography of Southeast Asia B.Trade Routes in Southern Seas 1)Monsoons, or seasonal winds, influence trading patterns 2)Ports became important centers of trade & culture; international trade network linked India, Southeast Asia, & China to East Africa & Middle East 3)Spices were key product

I. Geography of Southeast Asia C.Early Traditions 1)Diverse ethnic groups speaking many languages 2)Isolated villages developed own religious & cultural patterns 3)Society built around nuclear family 4)Women had greater equality than elsewhere in Asia; female merchants traded spices 5)Matrilineal descent was an accepted custom; women could choose husbands & divorce

OBJECTIVE Two Understand the impact of India on the history of Southeast Asia

II. Indian Culture Spreads to Southeast Asia A.Indian Influence 1)Indian traders settled & married into influential families. 2)Merchants traded cotton cloth, jewels, & perfume for raw materials such as timber, spices, & gold. 3)Reached its peak between 500 and 1000.

II. Indian Culture Spreads to Southeast Asia B.Islam 1)Hinduism & Buddhism took root in area 2)By 1200s, Muslims ruled Northern India. 3)Traders spread Islamic beliefs throughout the islands of Indonesia & Philippines. 4)Contributed to the growth of a stable, thriving trade network.

OBJECTIVE THREE Summarize the characteristics of the new kingdoms and empires in Southeast Asia

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 1)The Pagans a.Irrawady Valley in present-day Myanmar

M y a n m a r

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 1)The Pagans a.Irrawady Valley in present-day Myanmar b.King Anawrahta united region & brought Buddhism to the Burman people c.Capital city, Pagan, had magnificent stupas d.Fell to the Mongols in 1287

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 2)The Khmer Empire a.Peaked between 800 – 1350

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 2)The Khmer Empire a.Rulers controlled present-day Cambodia, Thailand, & Malaysia & were pious Hindus who viewed themselves as god-kings. (theocracy) Cambodia Thailand Malaysia

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 2)The Khmer Empire c.Adapted Indian writing, mathematics architecture, & art d.Ordinary people were Buddhists e.1100s King Suryavarman II built Angkor Wat, a great temple complex, that had hundreds of carvings glorifying the king. Angkor Wat

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 3)Srivijaya Empire a.Flourished from the 600s – 1200s in Indonesia

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 3)Srivijaya Empire a.Flourished from the 600s – 1200s in Indonesia b.Strait of Malacca controlled by Srivijaya & was vital to shipping Malacca Strait

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 3)Srivijaya Empire c.Hinduism & Buddhism; local people blended Indian beliefs with own forms of worship

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge A.Three Kingdoms 3)Srivijaya Empire d.Islam spread to Sumatra, Java, & other islands; local rulers adopted religion & traded with other Muslims around the Indian Ocean. Sumatra Bali

OBJECTIVE FOUR Explain the emergence of Vietnam

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 1)Chinese Influence a.China sent military forces to conquer the neighboring state of Annam (now the northern part of Vietnam)

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 1)Chinese Influence b.Red River delta around present-day Hanoi;

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 1)Chinese Influence b.Red River delta around present-day Hanoi; irrigated fertile rice paddies, or fields, & provided food for the growing population.

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 2)Chinese Domination a.111 B.C. Han armies conquered region & China remained in control for 1,000 years b.Vietnamese absorbed Confucian ideas c.Adopted Chinese civil service system & built a government bureaucracy similar to China

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 2)Chinese Domination d.Vietnamese nobles adopted custom of speaking & writing Chinese language e.Adopted Mahayana Buddhist beliefs from China & Daoism

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam 3)Vietnamese Preserve Their Identity a.A.D. 39 Two sisters, Trung Trac & Trung Nhi, led an uprising that briefly drove out the Chinese; today they are still remembered as great martyrs & heroes. Trung Sisters

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam Empires 3)Vietnamese Preserve Their Identity b.Attempted to restore a simpler form of government based on Vietnamese traditions

III. New Kingdoms & Empires Emerge B.Vietnam Empires 3)Vietnamese Preserve Their Identity c.939 Tang Dynasty collapses & Vietnam breaks free from China; China attempts to re-conquer without success, but Vietnam remains a tributary state of China for many years

Works Cited Map of Southeast Asia Malacca Strait Irrawady River Pagan Kingdom Angkor Wat Malacca Trade Museum.html Museum.html Trung Sisters htm htm Vietnam." Online Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 Apr