 Ten Percent Plan- If 10% of a states population took an oath of loyalty to the Union then that state could form a new state government and adopt a new state constitution and one that banned slavery.  Lincoln encouraged amnesty to southerners

 Wanted the southerners to pay for the war.  Wade-Davis Bill-July 1864, Majority of white southerners had to swear loyalty to Union and denied former confederates the right to public office.

 Freedmen’s Bureau would assist African Americans with food, clothing, jobs, medical services, education, and rights.  Gave land seized by the federal government during the war to African Americans.

 Lincoln is killed by John Wilkes Booth a southern sympathizer at Ford theatre on April 14,  Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes president.

 President Andrew Johnson granted amnesty to southerners if they swore an oath of loyalty to the Union and pardoned wealthy southern landowners only if they personally asked the president.  Johnson did not care about African Americans and their rights

 For a state to re-enter the union it had to abolish slavery according to the 13 th amendment  13 th amendment- abolished slavery in the united states of america.

 These laws aimed to control freed African American men and women.  Some of these laws allowed for African Americans to be fined and arrested and then be forced to work off their fine by working for white employers.  One law even allowed for orphaned African American children to be taken by whites to be made in to unpaid apprentices until the age of adulthood.

 Granted full citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to protect their rights.  This law overturned the black codes and the 1857 Dred Scott decision  President Johnson vetoed both bills but was overruled by congress by a 2/3 rd ’s majority

 Granted full citizenship to all individuals born inside the United States.

 Reconstruction Act of passed by congress, It created 10 new state governments in the southern states that had yet to ratify the 14 th amendment. The states would then be put under military control until elections could be held and a new state government formed.

 Tenure of Office Act of Limited presidents powers so that he could not remove government officials.  Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and violated the Tenure of office Act.  House of representatives attempted to impeach Johnson but were 1 vote short of the 2/3 rd ’s majority needed to remove him from office.

 The Country is tired of Johnson.  Civil War hero and republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant is elected President of the United States.

 Passed in 1869 the 15 th amendment allowed any male citizen the right to vote.

 African Americans in the south often were not sold goods from stores, given houses, property or even jobs.  The Ku Klux Klan Terrorized African Americans by burning their homes, churches, and schools.

 African Americans began to receive land and education.  Some African Americans received land and homes from the Freedmen’s Bureau.  Others practiced sharecropping which was when a landowner rented land and a portion of the product made by the renter was given to the land owner for rent and the rest could be used by the renter to purchase things.

 Rutherford B. Hayes is chosen as the republican candidate over current President Ulysses S. Grant  Samuel Tilden is chosen as the Democratic candidate  Tilden appeared to have won but after recounting the votes and creating a special group of representatives Hayes is elected president.  Hayes wins the election

 The compromise of 1877 allowed for the democrats to accept the outcome of the election and for all Union soldiers to be removed from the south.  The Reconstruction era was over.

 The south created industries to match the north in production.  Southern industries included: ◦ Textile industry: deal with fabrics like cotton ◦ Lumber ◦ Tobacco ◦ Iron & Steel ◦ Railroad  South was still mostly based off agriculture

 Agriculture before the civil war was based off large plantations growing cotton  After the civil war agriculture became based off small farms growing a variety of crops  Farm and land owners rented their land to people for a profit of their crops. This was called sharecropping  Agriculture in the south after the war continued to get worse and debt grew.

 Poll taxes: taxed people who wanted to vote. Most African Americans could not afford to pay the tax therefore they could not vote.  Literacy test: tested voters ability to read and write. Many African Americans had little education so they often could not vote.  Grandfather Clause: Allowed those who did not pass the literacy test too still vote so as long as their father or their fathers father before them voted. African Americans just gained the right to vote so obviously their parents had not voted before.

 1890’s- Allowed for segregation of races.  Upheld in the Supreme Court in a court case called “Plessy vs. Ferguson”  Supreme court ruled that separate but equal was ok so as long as both were equal in quality.

 13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments help give African Americans rights.  South is integrated back into the Union  Black Codes attempt to keep slavery alive  Jim Crow laws keep African Americans from voting and having the same rights as whites.  The supreme court upholds the Jim Crows laws and they last over 50 years.