Chapter 17.3 Birth of the American Republic How in the heck does a small, weak “country” defeat the strongest country on Earth? American Revolution

17 vocab 1 social contract1 natural rights 1 Adam Smith1 checks and balances 3 Thomas Jefferson3 George III 3 George Washington3 popular sovereignty

Focus Q: Jan. 29 Do 17.1 Q’s on review sheet.

Focus Q List 3 things that describe parts/beliefs of our govt.

Focus Q What contribution did Wollstonecraft, Locke, and Montesquieu make to this chapter?

Vocab review 1.Work in pairs 2.draw a picture and make a simile for any vocab term 3.put on board, students guess what term it is

What you’ll learn….. 1.Over time, the colonists develop a sense of “American-ness,” the belief that they were different and separate from BR. 2.FR and IN War was expensive and colonists resent being taxed to pay for it.  “taxation w/o representation”

Why is this important? 1.Colonial protests against BR taxes leads to the American Revolution and the birth of the USA. 2.Ideas of the Enlightenment are reflected in the Constitution. Anyone have a problem w/ individual rights? Freedom of speech offend you? Which right is most sacred to you?

Britain’s a Global Power b/c….. 1.In a location to control trade— merchants, navy—outposts in North America, West Indies, India 2.Govt has a good climate for business— few restrictions—laissez faire-ish?

Height of the British Empire

Britain’s a Global Power b/c….. 3. Win most wars in 1700s—FR and Indian **BR has much wealth from the slave trade in Spanish America** —England, Scotland, Wales make up Great Britain—Ireland officially added 1801

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Colonies in the Mid-1700s 1.By 1750, colonies on east coast doing well as part of ENG’s growing empire 2.NY, Boston, Phil linked N. America, Africa, West Indies, and Europe 3.Mercantilist policies applied to colonies— not strictly enforced, lots of smuggling **Navigation Acts passed to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing**

Navigation Acts: purpose 1.Protect English shipping: all goods brought to ENG must be on ENG ships. 2.Make sure colonies produced a profit. Certain “enumerated” items could only be sent to ENG: sugar, tobacco, cotton, wool, dyeing woods, other stuff later 3.Not strictly enforced

Example of Mercantilism

Colonies in the Mid-1700s 1.**more religious, ethnic diversity in colonies than ENG social distinctions more blurred than in ENG** 2.Much free, open political discussion 3.Think they have the rights of ENG citizens 4.Colonial assemblies control some local stuff 5.Some feel a distinct American identity

13 Colonies See the error?

Colonists Don’t Like Taxes 1.Brits are highly taxed 2.Think colonies should help pay for FR and Indian War **Stamp Act 1765: taxes np’s, cards, dice, pamphlets, all legal documents** 3. Colonies have no reps in Parliament, say  “no taxation, w/o representation” 4. Stamp Act repealed 1766, Declaratory Act passed—complete authority over colonies

Colonial Tax Timeline 1.Proclamation of Sugar Act Stamp Act, repealed Quartering Act Declaratory Act: Parl. could make any laws Townshend Rev. Act Tea Act: reduced BR tea prices Intolerable (Coercive Acts)

Colonists Rebel ** George III’s policies, especially taxes, will lead to the American Revolution** Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts

Boston Massacre: Truth or Propaganda?

Colonists Declare Independence 1.April 1775, Lexington and Concord 2.1 st battles of American Revolution **Congress creates an army—George Washington in command** 3. ENG wins many battles—we don’t have to win, just hold out until they quit

16 miles

Colonists Declare Independence , 2 nd Continental Congress—vote to declare independence **Thomas Jefferson—main writer of Declaration of Independence**

Colonists Declare Independence Many Enlightenment ideas in Dec. of Ind. Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness are natural rights Govts are made to protect these rights Govts get their power from people People can abolish an unjust govts

Colonists Declare Independence **popular sovereignty—all govt power comes from people (vote)** 1. July 4, 1776—Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson: main writer of the Declaration of Independence

American Revolution Continues British Advantages 1.Many well-trained soldiers 2.More resources 3.Great navy 4.33% of colonists were loyalists

American Revolution Continues **Colonists advantages** 1.**Knew the geography of the land** 2.Fighting on the “home field” 3.George Washington—strong leader 4.Determined to fight for liberty (freedom) 5.Didn’t have to win—just “not lose”

Turning Point **Battle of Saratoga (1777)—Colonists win and convince the FR to help us** 1.FR help w/ trained soldiers, supplies, warships 2.Then the Spanish and Dutch decide to help 3.Some Polish too

Saratoga: The Turning Point

Last Battle of American Rev. Battle of Yorktown— FR blockade Chesapeake Bay 2.3 week seige 3.BR can’t escape by land or sea 4.Cornwallis surrenders—fighting is over, except at sea Treaty of Paris—US is independent

Battle of Yorktown

1 st Govt: Articles of Confederation Articles very weak (sauce) 1.Congress, but no executive branch 2.No federal court system 3.Govt couldn’t tax 4.All states 1 vote, regardless of population 5.13 votes needed to amend **leaders meet in Phil 1787 to revise Articles**

Constitution Ratified 1789 **created a federal republic—power divided btwn national and state govts** (federalism) 1. Separation of powers: executive (Pres), judicial (SC), legislative (Congress) 2.Checks and balances: each branch can check the power of the other branches