Lecture Preview The Post–Cold War World A New Economy? Culture Wars Impeachment and the Election of 2000 Freedom and the New Century

The Post–Cold War World  Focus Question: What were the major international initiatives of the Clinton administration in the aftermath of the Cold War?  Focus Question: What were the major international initiatives of the Clinton administration in the aftermath of the Cold War?

The Post–Cold War World: Democracy The Crisis of Communism 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrators Berlin Wall falls in 1989 (Velvet Revolution) 1990 South Africa will release Nelson Mandela from prison By 1991 the USSR will dissolve into 15 Nations

The Post–Cold War World: bush foreign policy The Gulf War crisis emerged in 1990 when Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait, an oil-rich sheikdom on the Persian Gulf. Visions of America’s Role Powell argued that the post–Cold War world would see conflicts in unexpected places, and that the United States, to avoid becoming the world’s policeman, should not send troops without clear objectives and withdrawal plans. Cheney argued that with the end of the Soviet Union, the United States had the power to reshape the world and prevent hostile states from assuming regional power.

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Map 27.1 Eastern Europe after the Cold War

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company President Bill Clinton with Nelson Mandela

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company President Bush, with Defense Secretary Dick Cheney and General Colin Powell

The Election of Clinton

The Post–Cold War World: clinton The Election of Clinton Clinton in Office Appointed minorities to his cabinet Named supporters of abortion rights to the Supreme Court (Justice Breyer and Justice Ginsburg) Raised taxes on the wealthy and expanded tax credits for low-income workers Passed NAFTA in 1993

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Map 27.2 The Presidential Election of 1992

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Edward Sorel’s illustration of Clinton’s 1993 Inauguration

The Post–Cold War World: politics The “Freedom Revolution” In the 1994 elections, Republicans won control of both houses of Congress, the first time since the 1950s Gingrich devised a platform called the “Contract with America,” promising to reduce government, taxes, and economic and environmental regulations, overhaul welfare, and end affirmative action. Clinton’s Political Strategy Ended Aid to Dependent Families with Children Embraced free trade

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Congressman Newt Gingrich

A New Economy?  Focus Question: What forces drove the economic resurgence of the 1990s?  Focus Question: What forces drove the economic resurgence of the 1990s?

A New Economy?: computers The Computer Revolution Microchips made possible a wave of new consumer products in the 1980s and 1990s, including video cassette recorders, handheld video games, cellular phones, and digital cameras. Democratization of information

A New Economy?: stock market The Stock Market Boom and Bust Investors heavily put funds into new “dot coms”—companies that did business on the Internet and symbolized the new economy. April 14, 2000, stocks suffered their largest one-day drop in history. The Enron Syndrome Enron, a Houston-based energy company that bought and sold electricity rather than producing it, reported billions of dollars in losses as profits

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Cartoonist David Jacobson’s comment on the Enron scandal

A New Economy?: deregulation and inequality Fruits of Deregulation 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Rising Inequality In 1965,the salary of the typical corporate chief executive officer was only 26 times that of the average worker; in 2000, it was 310 times higher. By 2000, the United States no longer led the world in hourly wages of factory workers and had become the most unequal society in the developed world. In 2000, more than half of the labor force worked for less than $14 per hour, and because of the decline of labor unions, fewer workers had benefits common to union contracts, such as health insurance.

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.1 U.S. Income Inequality, 1913–2003

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Barbie’s Liberty, satirical work by Hans Haacke depicting the loss of manufacturing overseas

Culture Wars  Focus Question: What cultural conflicts emerged in the 1990s?  Focus Question: What cultural conflicts emerged in the 1990s?

Culture Wars: immigration The Newest Immigrants Between 1965 and 2000, about 24 million immigrants entered the United States. About 50 percent came from Latin America and the Caribbean, 35 percent came from Asia, and smaller numbers came from the Middle East and Africa. Only 10 percent came from Europe

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Maps of Diversity, 2000

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.2 Birthplace of Immigrants, 1990–2000

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company The U.S. Border Patrol apprehending Mexicans who had entered the country in violation of immigration laws.

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.3 The Projected Non-White Majority: Racial and Ethnic Breakdown

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.4 Unemployment Rate by Sex and Race, 1954–2000

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Table 27.2 Home Ownership by Group, 1970–2000

Culture Wars: imprisonment The Spread of Imprisonment “tough on crime” “war on drugs” Treating drug addiction as crime rather than a disease Parole reduction By million person in prison and several more on parole (majority non-violent) Prison Industrial Complex???? ( The Burden of Imprisonment

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.5 Institutional Inmates as a Percentage of the Population by Sex and Race, 1850–1990

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Maximum-security prison under construction in California City

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company The AIDS quilt, representing people who had died from AIDS

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Demonstrators for and against Proposition 187, Los Angeles, August 1996

Culture Wars: conservatives Cultural Conservatism “Family Values” in Retreat The Antigovernment Extreme

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.6 Change in Family Structure, 1970–2000*

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 27.7 Women in the Paid Workforce, 1940–2000

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Items on sale at Michigan’s “Gun Stock, ’95,” an antigovernment convention

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Oklahoma City Bombing

Impeachment and the Election of 2000  Focus Question: How did a divisive political partisanship affect the election of 2000?  Focus Question: How did a divisive political partisanship affect the election of 2000?

Impeachment and the Election of 2000: impeachment The Impeachment of Clinton

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Herbert Block’s 1998 cartoon comments humorously on Clinton’s talent for political survival.

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company A member of a Florida election board attempting to interpret a November 2000 presidential ballot

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Map 27.4 Presidential Election of 2000

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Another cartoon by Herbert Block, depicting the influence of “big money interests”

Freedom and the New Century  Focus Question: What were the prevailing ideas of American freedom at the end of the century?  Focus Question: What were the prevailing ideas of American freedom at the end of the century?

Freedom and the New Century: freedom in america Exceptional America Varieties of Freedom

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company The Brentwood section of Los Angeles

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2013 W.W. Norton & Company Chillin’ With Liberty

Review The Post–Cold War World Focus Question: What were the major international initiatives of the Clinton administration in the aftermath of the Cold War? A New Economy? Focus Question: What forces drove the economic resurgence of the 1990s? Culture Wars Focus Question: What cultural conflicts emerged in the 1990s?

Review continued Impeachment and the Election of 2000 Focus Question: How did a divisive political partisanship affect the election of 2000? Freedom and the New Century Focus Question: What were the prevailing ideas of American freedom at the end of the century?

MEDIA LINKS —— Chapter 27 —— TitleMedia link Eric Foner on Wal-Mart as the nation's largest employer ner4/&f=shift_to_service economy Eric Foner on the rights revolution at the end of the 20th century ner4/mp4/&f=question131

Next Lecture PREVIEW: —— Chapter 28 —— September 11 and the Next American Century The War on Terrorism An American Empire? The Aftermath of September 11 at Home The Winds of Change The Rise of Obama Learning from History...

Norton Lecture Slides Independent and Employee-Owned by Eric Foner Norton Lecture Slides Independent and Employee-Owned by Eric Foner This concludes the Norton Lecture Slides Slide Set for Chapter 27 Give Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORY FOURTH EDITION