a. The Skeletal System includes all bones in your body b. It has five major functions i. Shape and Support ii. Movement iii. Protection iv. Production of Blood cells v. Storage of minerals

c. Shape and Support i. The skeleton has 206 different bones ii. All these bones are different shapes and sizes iii. The backbone is what gives the body the most support iv. The backbone is made of vertebrae 1. There are 26 vertebrae

v. The leg bones are what help hold the body upright along with the vertebrae 1. There are 3 major leg bones and 1 minor leg bone 2. Label the Leg Bones

vi. The foot bones are the final structure that help with support of the body 1. There are 3 major bones 2. Label the Foot

d. Movement and Protection i. The muscular system is attached to the skeletal system allowing for the movement of the body ii. Bones also protect very important organs in the body 1. Examples a. Skull bone protects the ________________ b. Rib bones protect the _________________________________________

e. Production and Storage i. Some bones produce such things as white blood cells ii. Some bones store minerals such as calcium iii. When the body needs these things they are released out of the bones into the body

f. Bones you need to know

g. Joints i. Joints allow for the movement of bones in different ways ii. Two different types of joints iii. Immovable Joints: connect bones but allow for very little movement iv. Movable Joints: connect bones and allow so a lot of movement

h. Moveable Joints i. Held together by ligaments ii. Type of Joint:___________________ Examples:______________________________

iii. Type of Joint:________________________ Examples:_______________________________

i. Characteristics of Bones i. Compact bone: hard and dense but not solid ii. Spongy bone: at the end of longer bones and is lightweight iii. Marrow: found in the space inside the bones-produces blood cells

a. Voluntary Muscles i. Muscles that you consciously control ii. Examples: smiling, writing, standing up, ____________________________________ b. Involuntary Muscles i. Muscles that work without you thinking about it ii. Examples: Heart, blinking, digestion

c. Skeletal Muscles i. provide the force for your bones to move ii. Attached to your bones with tendons iii. These are voluntary muscles iv. This muscle is striated: meaning it has stripes

d. Smooth muscles i. involuntary muscle ii. Found in the inside of organs iii. Example: used to move food through digestive tract

e. Cardiac Muscle i. Involuntary Muscle ii. Like skeletal due to its striations iii. Unlike skeletal because it never tires iv. Found in your heart

a. Fill in this chart with the type of muscle tissue that is found in each of those areas Body StructureMuscle Tissue Blood Vessel Leg Stomach Heart Face Arm Tongue

a. Contraction: the shortening of a muscle b. Relaxing: the lengthening of a muscle back to its original position c. Working in Pairs i. Skeletal muscle work in pairs ii. When one muscle contracts the paired muscle relaxes

iii. Example: Biceps and Triceps

iv. Example: Quadriceps and Hamstrings 1. Label the Hamstring and Quad 2. Label the contracted muscle 3. Label the relaxed muscle

a. Regular exercise maintains muscle flexibility and strength b. Exercise build muscle mass by individual muscles cells growing bigger and stronger after each time you exercise c. Stretching before exercise keeps muscles loose and flexible while you work out d. Stretching after exercise keeps muscles from cramping e. Cramping occurs when your muscle stays contracted

a. First layer of protection against outside attacks b. Regulates Body Temperature c. Eliminates waste through sweat glands d. Gathers information about environment i. Is it cold, hot, raining, dry e. Produce vitamin D to keep skin healthy

a. Epidermis: is the outer most layer of the skin i. Deep in the epidermis new skin cell grow ii. As these new cells mature they move from the bottom layer of epidermis to the top layer of epidermis iii. Cells stay on the top layer of epidermis for about two-three weeks before they are sloughed off

b. Melanin: a pigment that colors your skin c. Dermis: the inner layer of the skin i. In between the epidermis and the fat ii. in the dermis there are blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles and oil glands

d. Pores: openings in the skin that allow for sweat release e. Hair Follicles: strands of hair that grow in the deep epidermis i. oil glands surround the follicle to keep the skin moist and the hair flexible