A Few Brief Remarks on IPTV Christopher S. Yoo University of Pennsylvania Law School May 7, 2010

Overview Over the top services: Netflix, Blockbuster (Movielink, CinemaNow), YouTube, Justin.tv Proprietary services: AT&T Uverse (all IPTV), Verizon FiOS (IPTV for video on demand) Software providers (video players, codecs) Content providers May 7, 2010 Yoo - IPTV 2

Over the Top Services Leading services: Netflix, Blockbuster (Movielink, CinemaNow), YouTube Streaming vs. peer-to-peer Prerecorded vs. live content Multiple delivery platforms  PCs, Blu-ray players, gaming consoles, smart phones  Multiple encoding formats with different bitrate speeds  Sensitivity to conflicts within device and robustness May 7, 2010 Yoo - IPTV 3

Over the Top Services Bandwidth management  Solutions: adaptive streaming, CDNs  More difficult if sending multiple streams to same house Copy protection  DRM  Filtering Video fingerprinting, watermarks Challenges facing live television Countermeasures: encryption (vs. man-in-the-middle), darknets  Three strikes laws May 7, 2010 Yoo - IPTV 4

Proprietary Services Services may share bandwidth or use separate channel Only link between central office and home is IPTV  Most processing and storage occurs in data centers  Sent to central offices for modulation and distribution Connect through set-top boxes  Use encryption; DRM less important  Complies with cable card  Dispute over analog hole and selectable output control  Would have to include DRM to distribute to other devices May 7, 2010 Yoo - IPTV 5

Proprietary Services Video on demand vs. linear video (multicast?)  Multicast is more bandwidth efficient (esp. for multiple streams to same house)  Multicast faces some challenges Channel change Group management Highjacking Other regulatory issues  Municipal licensing  PEG channels May 7, 2010 Yoo - IPTV 6