Politiques & Mercantilism

What is a Politique? A Ruler who… –Personal feelings do not get in the way of doing what is best for the country Strong monarchy needed for national security political unity –Religious Wars Religious moderates  religious tolerance & compromise Examples –Henry IV –Elizabeth I –William and Mary

Who were NOT Politiques? Mary I of England – Why? Philip II of Spain – Why? Oliver Cromwell – Why? Louis XIV –Why?

Henry IV –Edict of Nantes Louis XIV revoked  One king, one law, one faith Elizabeth I –Religious tolerance, if not indifference –Church of England official church of England –Concentrated on foreign affairs William and Mary –Glorious Revolution –English Bill of Rights (protection form King)

Locke and Hobbes Locke: Social contract  representative government –Right to overthrow (not the person, the government) –What countries…. Hobbes: Strong protection  central government –Do not have the right to overthrow –What countries… Which would support politiques?

Mercantilism Colbert from FRANCE Colonies were essential for trade

Thesis 6.Analyze the influence of the theory of mercantilism on the domestic and foreign policies of Europe, How would you answer this question…. –Why did monarch use mercantilism? Who? Why? –How did they use mercantilism? Domestic Foreign –Colonies –War

Colbert in France French Mercantilism –Bullionism: Favorable trade Export more that you import Four professions of importance –Agriculture –Trade –Army –Navy Other Goals –Uniform weights and measures –Opposed tolls on internal trade –Support mandatory labor on roads –Increase population (more work force) –Favored low wages and child labor

Mercantilism Ideal –Economy is self-sustainable Good of the nation (not others) –Need wealth = strength –Sell goods Raw goods from colonies or homeland –Sell to others »don’t buy from others

Characteristics of Mercantilism STATE REGULATION Encourage agriculture Strong navy to control sea (foreign markets) High Internal taxes Export more than you import Colonies provide raw materials –Population increase, labor increase Important Occupations: trade, navy, army, agriculture A nation gains only if another loses –MUST be self-sufficient

GB and America GB created laws to support mercantilism and exclude the Dutch/Amsterdam (leading economic center at time) –Americas sends raw goods to GB –GB uses raw goods to make products –GB sells products back to Americas –Example: Triangle Trade Navigations Act (GB) –Limit outside buying and selling with Americas

Who benefited? Monarchs Merchants Joint-stock companies –East India Company (England) Government officials

Thesis Statement 6. Analyze the influence of the theory of mercantilism on the domestic and foreign policies of Europe, 1600–1715.

Quick Review What war did the Edict of Nantes follow? What religious war started the path to absolutism? When Louis XIV was a child, who ruled the country? What did the restoration in England “restore”? Did the Puritans support Cromwell or the King? Which Prussian King USED his army, the Elector or the Great? If your economy is based on agriculture, what part of the population is the most important? Why did Peter the Great build St. Petersburg?

Who were the first to rule under the English Bill of Rights? If you are a body guard of the King, do you support him? Which monarch did Cardinal Richelieu advise? What was the royal family or Prussia & Austria? Where were the Junkers from? What country were the Magyars from?