Cell Structure & Function

Structure What cells are made of and how the cell is out together.

Function The processes that enable a cell to stay alive and reproduce. The jobs of the organelles inside of a cell.

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

The discovery of cells In 1663 Robert Hooke used a microscope to look at the structure of a piece of cork. Cork is the bark of the cork oak tree, made of tiny cells that are no longer alive. To Hooke, the empty spaces in the cork looked like tiny rectangular rooms.

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic One-celled organisms, Bacteria Do not have a nucleus

Eukaryotic Contain organelles (little organs) Most living organisms Have a nucleus PlantAnimal

“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane Surrounds and protects the cell’s contents like a fence or a wall. Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell – gate keeper Keeps harmful things from going into the cell. Lets waste material out of the cell.

Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities Brain of the cell Contains genetic material - DNA

Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture that protects the organelles Cushions the organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials such as protein around in cell Transportation System

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Proteins are needed for healthy cells

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates “Powerhouse” of the cell

Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Packages the proteins to be moves through the cell by the endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Digestive system for the cell

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

Station 2 Cheek Cell/Onion Cell

Station 3

Questions What two parts would you find in a plant cell that you would not find in an animal cell? What is the digestive system in a cell? Which organelle is used for storage? Why don’t animal cells have a cell wall? Which organelle acts as the transportation in a cell? Which organelle makes protein? Which organelle packages protein to be moved throughout the cell?

How do cells reproduce? Which part of the cell can be compared to as a gatekeeper? Which type of cells do you have – prokaryotic or eukaryotic? What is the job of the cytoplasm? Where is your genetic material (DNA) located?

How things move in and out of a cell Active Transport Brain Pop Passive Transport Brain Pop