Introduction to the Prophecies of Jeremiah Repentance, Judgment and Restoration May 24, 2015 Through the Bible in One Year Xavier Reyna, Director Ben Compere, Editor ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 “… there rose Jeremiah, the prophet of God’s judgment, who speaking on behalf of YHWH, might be called the prophet of the last chance.” Thomas Cahill, “The Gifts of the Jews”

An Introduction to a Book of the Bible Provides Three Things: 1.Information: general information about the book 2.Insights: to enhance a more detailed study of the book 3.Incentive: whets your appetite to pursue further study of the book Introduction ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

We Will Examine These Topics Jeremiah the Man Jeremiah’s Message Jeremiah and Canon Prophet Jeremiah’s Historical Background Chronology of Jeremiah Summary Analysis Selected Exposition Jeremiah and the NT Application Agenda “His ancient promises belonged only to a nation which kept his commandments faithfully (cf. Deut. 7:12-15). The popular idea that Yahweh was in some way bound to Zion was therefore wrong.” J. A. Thompson, “Jeremiah” ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah: The Man Son of Hilkiah, a priest (1:1) Born in the village of Anathoth: 3 miles from Jerusalem (1:1) Prophetic call in 13th year of Josiah’s reign BC (1:2) Ministry ended during Zedekiah’s reign after the fall of Jerusalem BC (1:3) Appointed a prophet to the nations before he was born (1:5) Prophetic call came when he was still a youth (1:6) Never married (16:1-4) at God’s direction Suffered much at the hands of his fellow Jews, priests, prophets and kings who considered him a traitor Called the “weeping prophet” (9:1) due to concern for people Jeremiah ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah’s Message: Repentance, Judgment and Restoration Message Initially, Jeremiah calls the nation of Judah to genuine repentance. If Judah returns to God judgment will be avoided. 3: :14-4:4 7:1-7 12: : :1-6 26:12,13 36:2,3 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah’s Message: Repentance, Judgment and Restoration Message Eventually, it became apparent that the people had no intention of abandoning their idolatry, sexual immorality and social injustice. Jeremiah warned them of the approaching subjugation to Babylon was a judgment from God. They must submit to it and take their punishment or the judgment will increase to include destruction of Jerusalem and the temple and deportation to Babylon. This message of judgment angered the Jews and caused Jeremiah to be viewed as a traitor. As a result the Jews consistently rebelled against Babylon and persecuted him more intensely than any other Hebrew prophet ever had been. References to sure judgment are too numerous to mention. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah’s Message: Repentance, Judgment and Restoration Message Jeremiah also prophesies judgment on nine nations surrounding Judah (chapters 46 – 51). Particular emphasis is given for Babylon (Chapters 50 and 51). ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah’s Message: Repentance, Judgment and Restoration Message After the fall of Jerusalem in 587 BC Jeremiah encourages Judah with promises of a future time of restoration and return of the exiles after 70 years captivity in Babylon. 23:5-8 24:4-7 29: :1-33:26 46:27,28 50:19,20 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah Is Grouped With the Major Prophets in the Christian Bible Canon ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Difference Between Major and Minor Prophets Is Volume of Prophetic Material Not the Importance of the Message Prophet Category Number of Prophets ChaptersVerses% of Bible % per Prophet Major Minor Canon ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

A Prophet Speaks for the Lord From the Hebrew word which means spokesman Appears about 240 times in Old Testament The New Testament Greek word also means one who speaks forth Occurs 55 times in New Testament 11 Prophet “The prophet … is a person who sees the world from the point of view of God; he sees the world through the eyes of God.” Abraham Herschel ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

A Prophet Does Two Things: 1.FORTHTELLS the word of God  Denounce sin  Proclaim judgment  Plead for repentance  Encourage obedience 2.FORETELLS the word of God  Predicts future events 12 Prophet Most prophetic material deals with Forthtelling. A prophet is part of a rare human breed that can expose the corruption of the human society, seeing through its rationalizations and conventions. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah Prophesies Near the End of Old Testament History Jer. OT History ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Understanding Near Eastern History is Critical to Understanding Jeremiah 14 History “Anyone who attempts to read the book without knowing something of the times will be more bewildered that ever. The arrangement of the book is complex and the variety of materials is considerable. If one lacks any sort of historical anchorage as well, the book is a bewildering one.”. J. A. Thompson, “The Book of Jeremiah” ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Near Eastern History in Jeremiah’s Times 627 to 586 BC: Headlines The Assyrian Empire is in decline The Babylonians are on the rise Egypt is eager to assert her authority Judah is caught in the middle of the struggle for power among these three nations 15 History “The prophet spoke at a time when the ancient Near East was in an almost unparalleled state of ferment.”.. R.K. Harrison, “Jeremiah and Lamentations” ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Near Eastern History of Jeremiah’s Time History ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Major Historical Events Show the Turbulent Times of Jeremiah DateEvent 627Jeremiah called to be a prophet. Ashurbanipal, the last great Assyrian king, dies. 612Nineveh, capital of Assyria falls to Babylon 609Egypt marches north to aid Assyria against Babylon. Judah. intercepts Egypt. Josiah killed in battle of Megiddo. Judah becomes Egyptian vassal. Pharaoh deposes Josiah's successor, Jehoahaz; replaces him with Jehoiakim. 605Egyptian army routed at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 604Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon subdues Syria, Judah and Philistia. Judah becomes Babylonian vassal. 598After not paying tribute for 3 years, Judah allies with Egypt against Babylon. Babylon attacks Judah. 597Jehoiakim dies. Judah falls to Babylon. Jehoiachin, the successor king is deported to Babylon and Zedekiah is chosen to rule. 588Zedekiah breaks with Babylon under pressure from pro-Egyptian Jews. Jerusalem under siege for 18 months 587Babylon breaks into Jerusalem: city plundered and burned; temple destroyed; people deported; Governor Gedaliah assassinated; Jeremiah taken to Egypt. 17 History ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Saga of Judah’s Kings Further Shows the Turbulence of the Times KingReignReason for AscensionReason for Cessation Josiah Assassination of predecessorKilled by Egyptians at Megiddo. Jehoahaz (Shallum) 609 (3 months) Death of predecessor by Egyptians at battle of Megiddo. Deported to Egypt as consequence of defeat at Megiddo. Jehoiakim (Eliakim) Installed by Egypt as a consequence of battle of Megiddo. Three years behind on tribute to Babylon. Died while Jerusalem under siege by Babylon. Jehoiachin (Jeconiah) (3 months) Replaced the deceased Jehoiakim. Deported to Babylon as a result of the failure to pay tribute. Zedekiah (Mattaniah) Installed by Babylon after destruction of Jerusalem and temple. Moved to Mizpah. Rebelled against. Babylon. Sons killed and his eyes put out. Deported to Babylon. Gedaliah586Appointed by Babylon.Assassinated by pro-Egypt Jews. History ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Judah Had Five Kings and a Governor During Jeremiah’s Ministry 19 History One was killed in battle: Josiah Three were deported: Jehoahaz (Egypt); Jehoiachin and Zedekiah (Babylon) One died while reigning but while under siege from Babylon: Jehoiakim One was assassinated by his own people: Gedaliah These five kings were the last kings to reign in the promised land. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Chronology of the Book of Jeremiah is Difficult to Determine Some of the prophecies have no date. Some prophecies have a “general” date The prophecies are not arranged in chronological order Bible scholars agree on the above 3 points but disagree on the reconstruction of a chronological order Chronology “The modern reader of Jeremiah may be disturbed by the fact that dated events and messages are not in chronological order. Beyond that many passages are not dated at all. Consequently, it is difficult to arrange with absolute certainty the content of this book in a chronological scheme.” S.J. Schultz, “The Old Testament Speaks” ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah's Prophecies with Dates Chronology KingDatesReferences in Jeremiah Josiah :2; 3:6 Jehoahaz609None Jehoiakim :18; 25:1; 26:1; 35:1; 36:1; 45:1 Jehoiachin None Zedekiah :1; 24:1,8; 27:3, 12: 28:1; 29:3; 32:1; 34:2; 37:1; 38:5; 39:1; 49:34; 51:59 Gedaliah58643:7, 8; 44:1 Jehoahaz and Jehoiachin reigned only 3 months. Gedaliah was appointed governor by Babylon and was quickly assassinated by the pro-Egypt party in Judah. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Chronology of the Prophecies of Jeremiah Adapted from R. K. Harrison, “Jeremiah & Lamentations” Chronology While there is a unanimous agreement that the prophecies of Jeremiah are not presented in chronological order, there is little agreement among scholars as to the correct chronological order. This disagreement is caused because some oracles are dated and others are not. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Chronology of the Book of Jeremiah Chronology ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Summary of the Book of Jeremiah Summary Jeremiah was called by the Lord to preach a message of judgment on the idolatrous and immoral nation of Judah. He prophesied for approximately 40 years during the reigns of five kings of Judah and during the battles for political supremacy of the region among Assyria, Egypt and Babylon. His message of judgment of the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple by Babylon and the deportation of Jews to Babylon for a 70 year exile was violently opposed by every segment of Jewish society: kings, priests, prophets and the people. He was regularly ignored, ridiculed, arrested and imprisoned, beaten and threatened with death. His constant admonition to submit to Babylon as the vessel of God’s judgment was an unpopular and readily dismissed message. But, Jeremiah also prophesied a time of restoration for Judah when God will establish a heart based covenant with them through a “righteous branch” from the line of David. ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Book of Jeremiah I.Jeremiah’s Call (Chapter 1) II.Prophecies to the Jews (Chapters 2-44) III.Prophecies to the Gentiles (Chapters 45-51) IV.The Fall of Jerusalem (Chapter 52) Analysis “Jeremiah is a heart-broken prophet with a heart-breaking message. He labors for more than 40 years proclaiming a message of doom to the stiff-necked people of Judah. Despised and persecuted by his countrymen, Jeremiah bathes his harsh prophecies in tears of compassion.” “ Talk Thru the Old Testament” ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Structure of the Book Reinforces the Appointment of Prophet to the Nations Message ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 I.Jeremiah’s Call (Chapter 1) –“See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 II.Prophecies to the Jews (Chapters 2-44) III.Prophecies to the Gentiles (Chapters 45-51) IV.The Fall of Jerusalem (Chapter 52) The book begins with a call to make Jeremiah a prophet to the nations (1:10). It ends with judgments on nations (Chapters 46-51) confirming the promise of the Lord in Chapter 1.

Jeremiah’s Call I.Historical Setting of Jeremiah’s Ministry (1:1-3) II.Jeremiah’s Call to the Nations ( 1:4-10) III.Jeremiah’s Message of Judgment (1:11-16) IV.Jeremiah’s Ministry of Difficulty (1:17-19) ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Selected Exposition Jeremiah’s call to a prophetic ministry serves not only as an introduction to his prophecies but also as a summary of them.

Jeremiah’s Call Historical Setting of Jeremiah’s Ministry (1:1-3) Jeremiah, the man v.1 –Son of Hilkiah, One of the priests of Anathoth The source of his ministry v.2: the Lord (see also vv. 4,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,19) The time of his ministry v. 3 –Josiah through Zedekiah The climax of his ministry v. 3 –Deportation of Judah to Babylon ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Selected Exposition

Jeremiah’s Call Jeremiah’s Call to the Nations ( 1:4-10) Before Jeremiah was born the Lord vv. 4,5 –KNEW him –SET him APART –APPOINTED him prophet to the nations Jeremiah’s reluctance vv. 6-8 –Only a youth –Poor speaker The Lord’s message vv. 9,10 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Selected Exposition

Six Verbs in Jeremiah 1:10 Anticipate the Entire Message of Jeremiah Six Verbs of Jeremiah 1:10 1.Uproot 2.Tear down 3.Destroy 4.Overthrow 5.Build 6.Plant 30 “See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Judgment and restoration are the two topics that dominate the message of Jeremiah. Judgment Restoration Selected Exposition

These Six Verbs Appear Frequently to Emphasize the Dual Message of Judgment and Restoration 31 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 JudgmentRestoration PassageUproot Tear Down DestroyOverthrowBuildPlant 1:10 XXXXXX 18:7-9 XXXXX 24:6 XXX 31:28 XXXXXX 42:10 XXXX 45:4 XXX Selected Exposition

Jeremiah’s Call Jeremiah’s Message of Judgment (1:11-16) The Two Visions 1.The almond branch vv. 11,12 –Signifies the Lord is watching to see that it happens 2.The boiling cauldron vv –Signifies judgment to come on Judah from the north ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Selected Exposition

Jeremiah’s Call Jeremiah’s Ministry of Difficulty (1:17-19) Charge to get ready v. 17 Strength of the Lord v. 18 –Fortified city –Iron pillar –Bronze wall Opposition v. 19 –Kings –Priests –Officials –People Rescue v. 19 –Lord’s presence ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Selected Exposition

New Testament Authors Quote Jeremiah 5 Times Jeremiah & NT ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

New Testament Authors Quote Jeremiah Directly 5 Times Jeremiah & NT JeremiahSubjectNew Testament Reference 5:11Eyes that do not see; ears that do not hear Mark 8:18 7:11The temple as a den of robbersMatthew 21:13; Mark 11:17; Luke 19:46 9:24Boasting in the Lord1 Corinthians 1:31; 2 Corinthians 10:17 31:15A voice in Ramah mourning; Rachael weeping for her children Matthew 2:18 31:31-34The new covenantHebrews 8:8-12; 10:16,17 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The NT Has Allusions to Jeremiah Jeremiah & NT JeremiahSubjectNT 1:5Set apart from his mother’s wombGalatians 1:15 18:6-10The potter’s right over the clayRomans 9: :31-34 The new covenant: as Jesus offered the cup at the last supper Matthew 26:27-29; Mark 14:24,25; Paul’s summary of the last supper1 Corinthians 11:25 We are ministers of a new covenant2 Corinthians 3:5,6 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Especially in the Book of Revelation Note: Jeremiah and Revelation 18 concern the judgment of Babylon Jeremiah & NT JeremiahSubjectRevelation 2:13Spring of living water7:17 15:2; 43:11 Those destined for death, to death; those for the sword, to the sword; those for starvation, to starvation; those for captivity, to captivity 13:9,10 17:10The Lord searches the hearts and minds2:23 25:10The Lord will banish from them the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of bride and bridegroom, the sound of millstones and the light of the lamp. 18:22,23 51:7All the nations drank the wine from Babylon’s cup18:3 51:45Come out of her my people18:4 51:63,64Throw a stone into the water; Babylon will rise no more 18:21 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah as a Type of Christ It is easy to understand why the people might think Jesus is John the Baptist or Elijah. But why would Jeremiah be mentioned above all other prophets? Jeremiah & NT “When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, ‘Who do people say the Son of Man is?’ They replied, ‘Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” Matthew 16:13,14 ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

AttributeJeremiahJesus Called before their birth1:5Mt 1:21 Prophet to the nations1:10; 46:1-51:64Mt 28:18-20 Considered temple den of robbers7:11Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17; Lk 19:46 Never married16:1-4 Foresaw destruction of Jerusalem and the temple 7:1-15; 25:1-38; 26:1-15 Mt 24:2; Lk 19:41-44 Lk 21:20-24 Wept over Jerusalem9:1; 14:17Lk 19:41-44 Valley of Hinnom as place for dead7:30-34; 19:1-15Mt 5:21-30; Mk 9:42-49; Lk 12:5 Message of a new covenant31:31-34Mt 26:27,26; Mk 14:24,25 Lk 20:20-22 Enemies felt he deserved death26:1-19; 38:1-13Mt 26:65-66 among others Jeremiah & NT ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 “Certainly, no figure that moves before us anywhere in the Bible comes nearer to expressing the sorrowing, patient, gracious love of Christ over those he suffers to save than does Jeremiah.”. J.S. Baxter, “Explore the Book” Jeremiah as a Type of Christ

AttributeJeremiahFulfillment Descendant of David23:5-6Lk 3:23-31 A divine person 23:5-6Jn 13:13 A divine-human person 23:5-61 Tim 3:16 Born a king30:9Rev 1:5 Massacre of infants31:15Mt 2:16-18 Born of a virgin31:22Mt 1:18-20 Messenger of a new covenant31:31Mt 26:28 Descendant of David33:14,15Mt 1:1; Lk 3:23-31 Jeremiah & NT ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Messianic Prophecies of Jeremiah

Application ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Definition of Success Jeremiah prophesied for over 40 years. –His audience did not repent. –They ignored, ridiculed, arrested and imprisoned, beat and threatened him with death. Jeremiah was not successful by the standard of producing results. He was successful by the standard of being faithful to the Lord’s calling.

Application ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Jeremiah’s Success with God Cost Him An opportunity for marriage and family Physical injuries Emotional and anguish Social and political ostracism Time in prison “The prophet Jeremiah’s life illustrates how costly serving the Lord can be. or one of the prophets.”.. Arnold and Beyer, “Encountering the Old Testament”

Application ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10 Serving the Lord Can Be Costly for Us, Too Political correctness Rise of militant atheism Aggressive Islamic assaults Heresies within the evangelical church “Global war” on Christians

The theme of Jeremiah is: A.Repentance, Judgment, Restoration B.Repentance, Judgment, Prophecy C.Judgment, Restoration D.Judgment, Covenant, Restoration E.None of the above TEST ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The Lord appointed Jeremiah a prophet to: A.Israel B.Judah C.Nations D.Jerusalem E.None of the above TEST ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah prophesied for which 40 years: A.627 to 587 BC B.645 to 605 BC C.605 to 565 BC D.586 to 546 BC E.None of the above TEST ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

Jeremiah’s prophesies are arranged in chronological order. A.True B.False TEST ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10

The first chapter of Jeremiah can be considered as: A.A national call to repentance B.A template for the Lord’s call of a prophet C.A guidebook on the handling of idolatry D.An introduction and summary of the book E.None of the above TEST ” See, today I appoint you over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant.” Jeremiah 1:10