Unit 11: The Respiratory System

Warm up  Draw what you know of the respiratory system Start with the mouth and end with the diaphragm

Respiratory System Physiology  Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.  Respiration also helps adjust the pH of body fluids.

Respiratory System Anatomy  Upper respiratory system: Nose Pharynx = throat  Lower Respiratory system: Larynx = voicebox Trachea = windpipe Bronchi = airways Lungs

Respiratory System Careers  Otorhinolaryngology is a doctor who deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat. (More commonly called an ear, nose, and throat doctor  Pulmonologist is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the lungs

Rhinoplasty  Rhinoplasty (“nose job”) is a surgical procedure in which the structure of the external nose is altered for cosmetic or functional reasons (fracture or septal repair)  Procedure local and general anesthetic nasal cartilage is reshaped through nostrils bones fractured and repositioned internal packing & splint while healing

The Structures of Voice Production  True vocal cord contains both skeletal muscle and an elastic ligament.  Made of 10 small muscles and ligaments.  The tighter the ligament, the higher the pitch  To increase volume of sound, push air harder

Trachea  The windpipe  Size is 5 in long & 1 in diameter  Extends from larynx down to the lungs where it splits into two bronchi

Bronchi and Bronchioles  As the bronchi enter the lungs, they branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles

Alveoli  An alveolus (plural is alveoli) is a cup- shaped pouch filled with fluid called surfactant.  This is where oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the blood from the capillaries.

Blood Supply to the Lungs  Deoxygenated blood enters the lungs through the pulmonary artery (from the heart)  Oxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins

Step 1: Pulmonary Ventilation =Breathing  Inhalation, or breathing in, is the first step.  Lungs expand through muscle contraction, which increases lung volume and decreases pressure inside the lungs  Lungs then fill with air  Expiration (exhalation) is the movement of air out of the lungs.  No muscle contractions are involved, this is a passive process

Breathing Patterns  Eupnea is normal variation in breathing rate and depth.  Apnea refers to breath holding.  Dyspnea relates to painful or difficult breathing.  Tachypnea involves rapid breathing rate.  Costal breathing is shallow breathing where the chest moves up and down.  Diaphragmatic breathing is deep abdominal breathing.  Modified respiratory movements are used to express emotions such as laughing, sighing, and sobbing; or coughing and hiccupping.

Part 2: External (pulmonary) respiration  The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood occurs via passive diffusion.  The gases flow from where they are MORE concentrated to where they are LESS concentrated.

Step 3 = Internal Respiration  Exchange of gases between blood & tissues  Conversion of oxygenated blood into deoxygenated  Oxygen moves from the blood in capillaries to cells and tissues.  CO2 leave cells and tissues and enters veins.

Oxygen Transport  In 100 ml of oxygenated blood 1.5% of the O 2 is dissolved in the plasma 98.5% is carried within RBC, which have hemoglobin.  Hemoglobin consists of a protein portion called globin and a pigment called heme.  The heme portion contains 4 atoms of iron, each capable of combining with a molecule of oxygen.

Carbon Dioxide Transport  Is carried by the blood in 3 ways 7% in plasma 23% combined with globin 70% as bicarbonate ions in plasma

Name CauseSymptomsSusceptibilityTreatmentPrognosis Smoking Aging Asthma Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis Lung Cancer Pneumonia Tuberculosis Cystic fibrosis Influenza Asbestos Disease and Disorder Chart

Theater performance 1. Create and perform (live) a skit, play, infomercial, etc. minimum 90 seconds and maximum of 5 minutes that relates to the respiratory system 2. Each group will be assigned a disease or disorder 3. Write a 4 paragraph essay: –The anatomy of the respiratory system –The physiology of your respiratory system –How the respiratory system contributes to homeostasis –How YOUR project shows the structure and function of respiratory system 4. Everyone will present! Due next class period.