Respiratory System Casey, Ryan, Esdras, Kaitlyn

Respiratory System The respiratory system is the set of organs that allow a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.Examples of respiratory system components are the nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs.

Mouth The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract. Digestion starts here when you take your first bit of food, chewing breaks down the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form you body can absorb and use.

Nose The nose is the body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system. Air comes into the body through the nose. As it passes over the specialized cells of the olfactory system, the brain recognizes and identifies smells. Hairs in the nose clean the air of foreign particles.

Pharynx The pharynx is commonly known as the throat. Air that is inhaled enters the pharynx, where it goes down into the larynx through a diversion from the epiglottis. The pharynx is used for swallowing food as well as breathing and the epiglottis makes sure that air can pass into the trachea, and that food enters the esophagus.

Larynx The Larynx is also known as the voice box. Aside from allowing us to speak, the larynx also acts as a defense mechanism. If any food passes into the esophagus when swallowing, the larynx produces a strong cough reflex.

Trachea The Trachea is also known as the windpipe. The main function of the trachea is to provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs. Inside the trachea there are small hairs along the inner walls. These hairs catch dust and other contaminants from inhaled air, which are later cleared out through coughing.

Bronchi The bronchi are two tubes stemming off of the end of the trachea. Each tube is connected to a lung. Bronchi are the main passageway into the lungs. When someone takes a breath through their nose or mouth, the air travels into the larynx, through the trachea, which carries the air to the left and right bronchus. The bronchi become smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue and are then considered bronchioles.

Bronchioles Tertiary bronchi divide to even smaller, narrower tubes known as bronchioles. As the airway passages make their way out to the lung tissue, the passages become smaller and are referred to as bronchioles.

Alveoli Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the alveoli. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses through the walls of the alveoli and adjacent capillaries into the red blood cells. The oxygen is then carried by the blood to the body tissues.

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Mouth, Nose, and Throat Cancer Cancers of the mouth, nose, and throat develop in almost 60,000 people in the United States each year. These cancers are more common among men, but the number of affected women is rising because smoking has increased among women.

Pharyngitis This disease is the inflammation of the pharynx but is more commonly known as a sore throat. This condition is caused due to an increased number of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in the throat. A person suffering from this condition is most likely to have symptoms such as swelling or redness in throat, fever, muscle aches, cough, earaches, or difficulty swallowing. There are acute and chronic levels of this illness. Viruses are more commonly responsible for causing acute pharyngitis while exposure to environmental irritants or allergenic substances make you susceptible to chronic pharyngitis. 90% of sore throats in adults and 60-75% in children are caused by viruses. With it being so common it results in over 15 million physician office visits each year.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that make up COPD. Damage to the lungs from COPD can't be reversed. Symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, or a chronic cough. Rescue inhalers and inhaled or oral steroids can help control symptoms and minimize further damage. This disease is very common and over 3 million people in America get this disease every year.

COPD GRAPH

Lung Cancer ❏ Two Type of Lung Cancer ❏ Non-small cell lung cancer ❏ A group of lung cancers that behave similarly, such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. ❏ Symptoms: include cough (often with blood), chest pain, wheezing, and weight loss. These symptoms often don't appear until the cancer is advanced. ❏ Treatments: include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. ❏ Small cell lung cancer ❏ This aggressive form of lung cancer most commonly occurs in smokers. It usually starts in the breathing tubes (bronchi) and grows very quickly, creating large tumors and spreading (metastasizing) throughout the body. ❏ Symptoms: include bloody phlegm, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. ❏ Treatments: includes surgery (for small tumors) as well as chemotherapy, sometimes in combination with radiation therapy

Statistics Non-small cell lung cancer is common, but not severe. Small cell lung cancer is rare and it’s worse than non-small cell lung cancer.

Video

Worksheet/ Activities Use the clues in your guided notes and the word bank to label the diagram. Add the Larynx and the Epiglottis

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