TASK – Start a mind-map for wood types -To identify different types of wood and their structure - To understand different types of defects in wood timber - To identify specific uses for different types of timber TASK – Start a mind-map for wood types Wood Natural Man-made wood Softwood (Evergreen) Hardwood (Deciduous) Laminates Others Name 3 Name 3 Native to UK Tropical Name 3 Name 3 Name 3

-To identify different types of wood and their structure - To understand different types of defects in wood timber - To identify specific uses for different types of timber Structure of wood All woods are made up of cells and resin This creates fibres (or grains) which grow along the length of the tree The cells are called tracheids The resin is called lignin Wood to timber A tree trunk can be sawn a number of ways to turn it into timber The process of turning wood into timber is called conversion There are two main ways: Slab sawn and Quarter sawn The way it is sawn will enhance the grain and therefore strength of the timber Seasoning Seasoning is the controlled drying of timber It can be naturally seasoned or kiln dried Season will result in the timber having around 20% moisture It increase strength and stability It reduces the risk of rot It reducing the risk of timber corroding or damaging other materials. Slab sawn Quarter sawn

-To identify different types of wood and their structure - To understand different types of defects in wood timber - To identify specific uses for different types of timber Defects in timber Because is it natural timber can have a number of defects Knots – These are round defects in timber. They are located where branches would have come out of the trunk Splits – This can occur when the wood is drying, or from a natural event like lightening Shrinkage – This also occurs when wood is drying. It can result in the timber warping, bowing, twisting or cupping Dry rot - This occurs when the wood is attacked by fungus which results in the wood becoming powdery Wet rot – This occurs when the wood is wet or damp for too long resulting in it decomposing Insect attack – Insects such as death watch beetles and worm wood attack the wood by laying eggs in the wood. The larvae from the woods will then eat the wood.

-To identify different types of wood and their structure - To understand different types of defects in wood timber - To identify specific uses for different types of timber Veneers Veneer is a term given to a thin layer of wood shaven from a tree trunk Hardwoods are often used a veneers are they are decorative and expensive to have as solid wood Veneer can be used in sheet form with man-made wood as it give the effect of a wood grain over a large surface Laminate Laminate is a composite material which can be used for flooring or work surfaces Laminate is made up of lays of natural wood (for aesthetics), man-made wood (of cost and strength) and a polymer resin (for increase wear and tear) It is used as flooring and kitchen worktops as a cheap and longer wearing alterative to solid wood

-To identify different types of wood and their structure - To understand different types of defects in wood timber - To identify specific uses for different types of timber Plywood Plywood is a laminate but has no polymer It is made up of lays of wood which are glued together having the grain placed in alterative directions This increase the structural strength of the wood It stops it warping and twisting It also allows plywood to come in large sheets rather than planks Other composite woods This are sheet wood which is made up of resin glue and wood They increase the structural properties of the wood as well as making it cheaper These include Hardboard, Block board, Chipboard, MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)

Wood Natural Man-made wood Softwood (Evergreen) Hardwood (Deciduous) Laminates Others Name 3 Name 3 Native to UK Tropical Name 3 Name 3 Name 3 For each type of wood Give a description Give an application Give a reason for that application