Solid and Hazardous Waste Chapter 24

The Lorax

Zach, will you go to prom with me? Maddy

The Lorax Please complete the questions for Tomorrow. I would like to re-use the copies of the story* so I will collect them Tomorrow also. If you want your own copy the text is available online. * It seems very wrong to me to waste paper on excessive copies of The Lorax….

Solid Waste US produces most per capita solid waste = 4.4 lbs per person per day 229 million tons per year (and increasing per year!)

Waste Prevention Solid waste produced by average family of four in one year in US

Solid Waste Disposal of Solid Waste

Solid Waste Disposal of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfills

Sanitary Landfill

Solid Waste Disposal Sanitary Landfills Problems Methane Leachate Cost, Even when closed

Solid Waste Disposal Incineration Problems Air pollution Produce ash Site selection

Solid Waste Disposal of Solid Waste Composting Reduces yard waste in landfills Can be sold or distributed

Waste Prevention Three goals: 1) Reduce 2) Reuse 3) Recycle

Waste Prevention Recycling Material Paper Glass Glassphalt

Waste Prevention Recycling Material Paper Glass Aluminum

Waste Prevention Recycling Material Paper Glass Aluminum Metals Other Than Aluminum Plastics

Waste Prevention Recycling Material Paper Glass Aluminum Metals Other Than Aluminum Plastic Tires

Waste Prevention Integrated Waste Management

Hazardous Waste Management of Hazardous Waste Chemical Accidents –National Response Center notified Current Management Policies –Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976, 1984) –Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980) (Superfund)

Hazardous Waste Management of Hazardous Waste The Biological Treatment of Hazardous Contaminants - Bioremediation - Phytoremediation

Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste landfill

The Pesticide Dilemma Chapter 23

What is a Pesticide? First-Generation Pesticides Inorganics (e.g., lead, mercury) Botanicals (e.g., nicotine, pyrethrin) Pyrethrin is derived from chrysanthemum flowers.

What is a Pesticide? Second-Generation Pesticides Synthetics

What is a Pesticide? The Major Groups of Insecticides Chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) Organophosphates (e.g., malathion) Carbamates (e.g., carbaryl)

What is a Pesticide? The Major Kinds of Herbicides Selective herbicides (e.g., 2,4-D – kills broad-leaved plants) Nonselective (broad spectrum) herbicides (e.g., glyphosate, aka: Round-Up TM )

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Benefit: Disease Control Ex. - Malaria

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Benefit: Crop production Farmers save ~$3 - $5 in crops for every $1 in pesticides

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance # of species exhibiting genetic resistance to pesticides

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance Creates a pesticide treadmill Pesticide application Kills most pests Resistant survive Numbers increase New population genetically resistant EVEN MORE INCREASE

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Pesticide Resistance Management Create a no pesticide “refuge” Avoid repeated use of same pesticide

Benefits and Problems with Pesticides Problem: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification Biomagnification of DDT

Alternatives to Pesticides Biological Controls Use naturally occurring diseases, parasites, or predators Pheromones and Hormones Use pheromones to attract insects to traps Synthetic hormones cause abnormal development Reproductive Controls Sterile-male technique

Alternatives to Pesticides Genetic Controls Using Genetically Modified plants (GMOs) Case-in-Point: Bt, Its Potential and Problems Genetically modified corn to produce Bt toxin Potential problem: may affect non-target species, such as monarch butterfly Quarantine

Alternatives to Pesticides Integrated Pest Management

Alternatives to Pesticides Integrated Pest Management Rice Production in Indonesia IPM introduced

Laws Controlling Pesticide Use Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (1938) Pesticide Chemicals Amendment (1954) Delaney Cause (1958) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947)

Laws Controlling Pesticide Use Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (1938) Pesticide Chemicals Amendment (1954) Delaney Cause (1958) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947) Food Quality Protection Act (1996)