Comma Usage Yep, there are rules you have to follow!

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Presentation transcript:

Comma Usage Yep, there are rules you have to follow!

Rule #1: Separate items in series Separate individual words, phrases, or clauses that occur in a series.

Running jumping and spitting are not allowed in school. You may not eat swear or lie in the presence of your grandmother. The politicians talked among themselves ate massive amounts of food and lied continuously to the public.

Running, jumping, and spitting are not allowed in school. You may not eat, swear, or lie in the presence of your grandmother. The politicians talked among themselves, ate massive amounts of food, and lied continuously to the public.

Rule #2: Use commas after introductory material -Introductory words (yes, no, well) -Intro. participial phrases -Intro. prepositional phrases or a series of them– more than 4 words -Intro adverb clauses

Individual words Well I seriously doubt you can eat the golf ball in one bite. Yes Shiela has my permission to leave early. Why I am very surprised by your reaction to my proposal!

Well, I seriously doubt you can eat the golf ball in one bite. Yes, Shiela has my permission to leave early. Why, I am very surprised by your reaction to my proposal!

Intro. participial phrases Shooting from the hip the cowpoke missed the target by a mile. Mouthing off to the principal Bert soon found himself in trouble. Lying openly the criminal swore he killed only three of the four people.

Shooting from the hip, the cowpoke missed the target by a mile. Mouthing off to the principal, Bert soon found himself in trouble. Lying openly, the criminal swore he killed only three of the four people.

Intro. prepositional phrases (must use a comma if the phrase or combined phrases contain 4 or more words) On the morning of the parade we got on the float early. In the cool of the afternoon shade the puppies gamboled and yipped.

On the morning of the parade, we got on the float early. In the cool of the afternoon shade, the puppies gamboled and yipped.

Rule #3: between independent clauses, if they are joined by a conjunction The material on both sides of the conjunction must be independent clauses (subject, verb, stand alone as a sentence).

Between independent clauses *Living in Montana can be tough but we are known as a tough breed. *Winning the gold medal was an incredible experience and he thanked everyone who helped him.

*Living in Montana can be tough, but we are known as a tough breed. *Winning the gold medal was an incredible experience, and he thanked everyone who helped him.

Rule #4: Set off nonessential material Nonessential clauses Nonessential participial phrases DO NOT set off material that is important to the meaning of the sentence.

The doctor believing she was infallible refused to acknowledge her mistake. Montana the fourth largest state in the union has a relatively small population.

The doctor, believing she was infallible, refused to acknowledge her mistake. Montana, the fourth largest state in the union, has a relatively small population.

The infallible doctor refused to acknowledge her mistake.

Rule 5: Set off material which interrupts the sentence Appositives – a noun, pronoun, or entire phrase to identify or explain another noun/pronoun Nouns of direct address Parenthetical expressions

Appositives Entomology the study of insects sounds like an interesting but creepy field. My dog Schnitzel only turns to the left.

Entomology, the study of insects, sounds like an interesting but creepy field. My dog, Schnitzel, only turns to the left.

Nouns of direct address Phillip will you stop making noise? Will you please Phillip stop making noise?

Phillip, will you stop making noise? Will you please, Phillip, stop making noise?

Parenthetical expressions That is I think the dumbest thing you have ever done! I think that is the dumbest thing you have ever done. He will I bet make the all- conference team this year.

That is, I think, the dumbest thing you have ever done! He will, I bet, make the all- conference team this year.

Rule 6: Various conventional uses Addresses, when in text Dates Salutations Names that associate a title or degree

Take the package to Jim Palmer, 2007 Alameta Street, Billings, Montana Monday, September 8, 1954, is the day he was born. Dear Maria, Mara Green, ATC, PT, RN, will serve as the trainer for the team.

That’s it! Know these rules and you can control the world of commas!