13 CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR!

1. Different Economic Systems Agricultural SouthIndustrial North Northerners learned to earn money they had to work. Work was done in factories or Industries. Southerners believed that it was OK to have people work for you, and you still get paid for the work. Even poor white farmers believed in this system. How was the different ideas on economy a cause of war?

2. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) There was a great debate over where slavery would be allowed and where it would not. A debate occurred and finally a compromise was reached. It stated: 1.) Missouri entered as a slave state 2.) Maine entered as a free state. 3.) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. North of the line was Free. South of the line was Slave. It’s ALL about this LINE! This compromise was effective for a number of years – almost thirty! However, after about 1850, problems began to occur. Was the line FAIR? Why or Why not?

3. COMPROMISE OF 1850 COMPROMISE AGAIN! This time it includes 4 parts!  1.) California enters as a FREE state.  2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTRY.  3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington D.C.  4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law Again, better for a short period of time and then problems became worse. What parts did the North What parts did the SouthHATE? California is ready to be a state Will it be a Slave or Free State?

4. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW (1850) This law was part of the compromise of It was a law that REQUIRED all citizens to catch runaway slaves. If a person did not comply, they could be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months. Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them. MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery. Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery.

5. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner. After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. Southerners said the book was full of LIES! Northern and Southern Point of View cause Problems “little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.” Pres. Abe Lincoln

6. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. Cancels the 36degree 30’ Line. Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers fight over the vote! Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. What parts of this would the Northerners Hate? What Parts of this would Southerners Hate?

7. “Bleeding Kansas” This is the term used for the fighting that occurred in the first territory to decide slavery using Popular Sovereignty. Both Pro- slavery and Anti-slavery settlers rushed to the area to vote. Over 200 people were killed in the fighting including the Burning of Lawrence and the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre. People are shooting at and killing each other. What are these pictures showing? Why would that be part of “Bleeding Kansas?

8. DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857) Dred Scott was a slave. His owner took him to live in a free territory for two years before moving back to Missouri. While in Missouri the owner died. Dred Scott had ABOLITIONIST attorneys file a law suit for his freedom. He claims he lived in Free Territory so he should be free. It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST. The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but all slaves were PROPERTY. It went FARTHER and declared that All African Americans are not citizens and not protected by the Constitution or the courts. Finally, they ruled that Congress could NOT ban slavery in any of the territories. Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. Slaves are considered WHAT???

9. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859) John Brown was an Abolitionist and an Anti-Slavery leader. He planned to raid a U.S. Army arsenal and start a slave revolt that would sweep through the South. Problem: No slaves “rose” to help. The raid by Brown and 20 followers was unsuccessful. Brown was captured, tried, and found guilty of murder and treason. Within 2 months he was hanged. Northerners saw him as a hero and “Martyr” (someone who dies for his beliefs.) Southerners saw him as a murderer and traitor. All About Point of View!

10. ELECTION OF LINCOLN Lincoln ran against Douglass and 3 other candidates in the Presidential Election of Lincoln only won 39% of the people’s vote, but won the majority of the Electoral College. The South was terrified or paranoid that Lincoln would outlaw slavery. Even though he NEVER said he would get rid of it. Paranoia is irrational fear. What states voted for Lincoln? What States voted against Lincoln? Where did the majority of people live?

11. Southern States Secede Barely one week after Lincoln is elected President the Southern states start to secede from the Union. They were terrified that Lincoln would abolish slavery and ruin their economy and lifestyle. South Carolina was the first state to secede! Within the next few weeks the remaining southern states also seceded from the U.S.. State’s Rights

12. Confederacy Established This is the new nation created by the Southern States. The Confederate States of America or CSA They elected a President and Congress. They picked a Capital City in Richmond Virginia They created a Constitution. They elected a Congress and a court system. Jefferson Davis

13. Fort Sumter Attacked A Union Fort on an island in the middle of Charleston Harbor. The South needed this harbor to export cotton and import war supplies. This fort stopped all ships coming in or leaving the harbor. At 4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861 the Confederacy opened fire and bombed the fort for 34 hours.

The Civil War has begun.

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY! POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – A VOTE where the people decide on an issue. (I.E. – slavery) COMPROMISE – An agreement reached between two sides where both sides have to “give up” something,.

MORE VOCAB. - ABOLITIONIST – A person who works to bring an end to or believes in NO slavery. Often they try and help slaves to freedom. SECTIONALISM – The belief that your part of the country is the BEST. You put your part of the country’s needs in front of what is best for the WHOLE nation. /encarta.msn.com/media

MORE VOCAB. FUGITIVE – A person who has gone against or broken the law and is on the loose. SECEDE - To remove or break away as the Southern states did from the Union.

LAST TWO! ARSENAL – A warehouse that stores guns and ammunition. MARTYR – A person who is willing to die for their beliefs. I.E. – John Brown