Central Themes Basics in Organizational Behavior -Psychology for management -High performance work attitudes -Perception Motivation -Content, process, reinforcement perspectives Job Design for Motivation -Job characteristic model -Innovative ideas for motivating

Basics in Organizational Behavior (OB) Why Psychology for Managers ? –People are sources of both solutions and problems –people tend to act in certain ways in organizations, i.e., OB –Work attitudes affect individual behavior High Performance Work Attitudes –Job satisfaction: do happier people work better? –Organizational commitment: are you saying “we”? –Organizational citizenship behavior: extra-duty contribution Perception –Cognitive process for making sense by interpreting information –Perceptual selectivity and distortions –Attributions: internal vs. external –Attribution biases

Motivation Work Motivation –Key challenge for managers –A motivation model of need – behavior – rewards –Historical evolution of motivation approaches Content Perspectives –Hierarchy of needs theory (A. Maslow) –Public service motivation (J. Perry) Process Perspective –Equity theory (J. S. Adams) –Expectancy theory (V. Vroom) –Goal-setting theory (Locke and Latham) Reinforcement Perspective –Behavior modification, law of effect, four reinforcement tools –Schedules of reinforcement: variable-ratio schedule is powerful –Carrot-and-stick controversy (see shoptalk)

Job Design for Motivation Approaches to Job Design –Job simplification –Job rotation –Job enlargement –Job enrichment Job Characteristic Model (Hackman an Oldham) –Core job dimensions -> critical psychological states -> work outcomes –Effective when higher needs for growth and development exist Innovative Ideas for Motivating –Growing use of incentive pay –Empowering people in information, knowledge, power, and rewards –Giving meaning to work: engagement