Putting the “Socio” in Restoration of Socioecological Systems a story in 5 chapters Lynne M. Westphal, PhD Project Leader & Research Social Scientist Northern Research Station, US Forest Service

Chapter 1 Putting people in the diagrams

3 Pickett 2011

Ostrom Evaluative criteria Action arena Actors Action Arena Outcomes Interactions Biophysical/Material Conditions Attributes of community Rules Exogenous Variables

Chapter 2 A Quick Look at the Social Sciences

Social Science Disciplines Anthropology Economics Geography Psychology Sociology Political Science

Additional fields and subfields Marketing Organizational behavior Political Science Policy analysis Communication Landscape Architecture Urban planning Recreation Environmental Psychology Futures Research Human dimensions of Natural Resources Conservation psychology Public Health Education Evaluation Regional Science Behavioral economics Evolutionary economics

Approach to Research Questions FIRE Economics Does location in the WUI affect property value? Rural Sociology Are wildfires a source of social conflict? Environmental Sociology Does trust in fire/resource managers vary by race? Geography Where is the WUI? How large is it, how many houses does it encompass?

Approach to Research Questions EcosystemServices Environmental Economics How can tradeoffs involving human- induced changes in ecosystem services be assessed? Political Science How do we structure human institutions to protect common pool resources? Environmental Psychology How does contact with natural settings affect the symptoms of ADD in children? Cultural Geography How can local traditional knowledge contribute to maintaining ecosystem services?

Chapter 3 Who Decides?

Whether to restore a site, landscape? Who Decides what? Restore to what? Use herbicides in the process? Use garlon or round up?

Institutional Analysis & Development – Ostrum et. al. Constitutional level Collective level Operational level

Ostrom Evaluative criteria Action arena Actors Action Arena Outcomes Interactions Biophysical/Material Conditions Attributes of community Rules Exogenous Variables

A Brief History of Participation/Collaboration Post WWII – The Expert Planning Paradigm Social changes in the ‘60s & ‘70s – the Civil Rights movement, the Women’s movement, etc. – challenged the Expert Model. Reflected in Arnstein’s Ladder, a seminal and still often cited piece on participation.

Arnstein’s “Ladder of Participation” (1969) Manipulation Therapy Informing Consultation Placation Partnership Delegated Power Citizen Control Non participation Degrees of Tokenism Degrees of Participation

Collaborative, Social Learning Emphasis on shared expertise, knowledge, contributions to planning and implementation. Better able to handle complexities, wicked problems, multiple stakeholders. Many approaches that can work, depending on issues at hand.

Examples of PROCESS characteristics Full representation of interested stakeholders Civil discourse Accurate info from joint fact-finding Participants free to question assumptions/propose innovative ideas

Ostrom Evaluative criteria Action arena Actors Action Arena Outcomes Interactions Biophysical/Material Conditions Attributes of community Rules Exogenous Variables

Examples of OUTCOME characteristics Produces high quality agreements (meets basic interests) Generates feasible and practical proposals that solve problems Creates new informal & working relationships Produces outcomes viewed as “just”

No panaceas Collaboration is not always the ticket. Collaboration takes specific skills. Don’t have them? Find someone who does.

Chapter 4 A Brief Consideration of an Additional Type of Restoration Project

Models of Urban Restoration/Renaturing Work I’ve done with Paul H. Gobster, US Forest Service and Matthias Gross, Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research

Classic model Sensitive Species model Habitat model Nature Garden model Cultural Landscape Restoration model Rehabilitation model

Cultural Landscape Restoration model

Chapter 5 A Cute Picture & Something to Remember

The End