The Protestant Reformation and The Reformers Girolamo Savonarola

Girolama’s Execution Girolama’s Execution

Problems with the Catholic Church 1. Merchant class challenged the Church's view of usury (lending money at a high interest rate) 1. Merchant class challenged the Church's view of usury (lending money at a high interest rate) Get yo tail outta here Get yo tail outta here With that usury crap

2. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church Roman Catholic Church

2. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church Catholic Churchs’ Power In Germany and England

3. Church’s political power & wealth caused conflict

4. Corruption & the sale of indulgences (paying money for forgiveness of sins) were widespread and caused conflict “100 gold pieces, sure The lord will forgive you for that murder” “who will this make mad”

 Lived from in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

“ I will be “ I will beGood”

 He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Martin Luther (Lutheran Tradition) Views- Views- 1. Salvation by faith alone, 1. Salvation by faith alone, 2. Bible as the ultimate authority, 2. Bible as the ultimate authority, 3. All humans equal before God 3. All humans equal before God

 A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

A Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, wanted money to help rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica A Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, wanted money to help rebuild St. Peter’s BasilicaDominican friar indulgencesDominican friar indulgences

Martin Luther Posting 95 Theses, in retaliation of churches use of Usury and Corruption. Martin Luther Posting 95 Theses, in retaliation of churches use of Usury and Corruption.

Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?" Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?"

 The Diet of Worms  1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

 Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

 Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

John Calvin ( Calvinist tradition) Views-Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic Views-Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic Actions-Expansion of the Protestant Movement Actions-Expansion of the Protestant Movement

 Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

John Calvin

Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

King Henry VIII (Anglican tradition) Views-Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome Views-Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome

Actions 1. Divorced from his first wife Catherine, (no male heir) and broke with Roman Catholic Church;

2. Headed the National Church in England; 3. Appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England

Mary I (Bloody Mary) Henry’s Daughter (married 1 st cousin Charles V)

Anne Boleyn (Beheaded – for adultry sister of Mary Boleyn)

Jane Seymour (Finally bares a son Edward VI)

King Henry VIII contemplating

Queen Elizabeth

Queen Elizabeth I 1. Re-established the Anglican Church 2. She had tolerance for dissenters 3. Expansion and colonialism 4. Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588)

Other Reformers Ulrich Zwingli -starts reformation in switzerland and impacts the spread of the reformation Ulrich Zwingli -starts reformation in switzerland and impacts the spread of the reformation John Knox -Calvinist of Scotland- founder of Presbyterian church John Knox -Calvinist of Scotland- founder of Presbyterian church Anabaptist-did not baptize until Adulthood-no part of secular gov. Anabaptist-did not baptize until Adulthood-no part of secular gov.

Anabaptist-Adult Baptism

Understanding For Centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of the new political and economic institutions For Centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of the new political and economic institutions

Exit Quiz 1. The Reformation was beginning because the Roman Catholic Church was creating conflict with the sale of _______________ and acts of __________.(deceitful behavior) 1. The Reformation was beginning because the Roman Catholic Church was creating conflict with the sale of _______________ and acts of __________.(deceitful behavior) 2. _________ ________ wrote the 95 theses criticizing the Roman Catholic Church. 2. _________ ________ wrote the 95 theses criticizing the Roman Catholic Church.

3. John Calvin believed that people’s fates were _______________. 3. John Calvin believed that people’s fates were _______________. 4. John Calvin believed in a hard _______ ___________. 4. John Calvin believed in a hard _______ ___________. 5. Martin Luther believed in that the Bible was the ultimate authority, describe two of his other beliefs. 5. Martin Luther believed in that the Bible was the ultimate authority, describe two of his other beliefs.

6. ________ _________ _ dismissed the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and asserted the authority of the Church of England. 6. ________ _________ _ dismissed the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and asserted the authority of the Church of England. 7. The resistance of the Roman Catholic church led to the Protestant _______________. 7. The resistance of the Roman Catholic church led to the Protestant _______________.

8. German and English nobility disliked who ruling the Catholic Church? 8. German and English nobility disliked who ruling the Catholic Church? 9. What aspects of the Church created conflict? 9. What aspects of the Church created conflict? 10. Who re-established the Anglican Church? 10. Who re-established the Anglican Church? 11. Why was Elizabeth so well liked in her empire? 11. Why was Elizabeth so well liked in her empire?

12. Draw and Complete the Diagra2 Martin Luther Beliefs _____________ Salvation by Faith alone __________

13. Draw and Complete the Diagram PROBLEMS WITH THE CHURCH CHURCES POLITICAL POWER AND WEALTH CAUSED CONFLICT 4.

15. This Monk is asking the lady for her Bible because it was a sin declared by the Catholic Church for people to own a Bible? Why would not want people to possess their own Bibles? 15. This Monk is asking the lady for her Bible because it was a sin declared by the Catholic Church for people to own a Bible? Why would not want people to possess their own Bibles?

Jump Off 8/26/09 Again: -- "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is to-day greater than the riches of the richest, build just this one church of St. Peter with his own money, rather than with the money of poor believers?" Again: -- "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is to-day greater than the riches of the richest, build just this one church of St. Peter with his own money, rather than with the money of poor believers?" What does this quote refer to? What does this quote refer to? What time period might this had been written? What time period might this had been written?