Features of the Ocean Floor. Exploration Time Line 1915 Scientists aboard the German ship Meteor used sonar to map the ocean floor. They used the device.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Draw and Label the Parts of a Wave
Advertisements

Exploring the Ocean Since ancient times people have studied the ocean such as waters and ocean floor It provides food and services, and serves as a route.
1) What is topography of the ocean?
The Ocean Floor Continental slope Volcanic island Continental shelf
Exploring the Ocean Floor
  What lies at the bottom of the ocean?. Exploring the Ocean Standards: S6E3.c – Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the.
The Ocean Floor Chapter 13 Section 2.
Ocean Bottom Chapter 3. Will lead to unlocking some of the mysteries of the ocean and may give insight into Earth’s past.
Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor The ocean floor is mapped by SONAR. (Sound navigation and ranging) Depth = (time x 1500 m/sec)/2 (round trip) At 25 degrees.
EXPLORING THE OCEAN FLOOR pbs
Features of the Ocean Floor
The Ocean Basins. Five Major Oceans Arctic Pacific IndianAtlantic Southern.
Ocean Exploration and Sea Floor Characteristics 8 th Grade Earth Science.
The Ocean Floor. Seeing by SONAR SOund Navigation And Ranging – A ship sends sound waves to the ocean floor. – The sound waves bounce off the floor.
Features of the Ocean Floor. Exploration Time Line 1915 Scientists aboard the German ship named Meteor used sonar to map the ocean floor. They used a.
A. D. C. B. Draw and Label the Parts of a Wave. How is the ocean floor studied??
History of Ocean Floor research Ms. Bridgeland 6 th Grade.
2.1 Exploring the Ocean. The water in Earth’s oceans varies in salinity, temperature, and depth The water in Earth’s oceans varies in salinity, temperature,
Bellringer Pretend you have walked off the edge of North America and into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean. As you walk along the ocean floor toward Europe,
Exploring the Ocean Floor By: Laura Barrios, Uriel Flores, Edgar Gonzalez, Emmanuel Solis.
The Ocean Floor Mapping the Ocean Floor Continental Margins Geological Oceanography.
Exploring Ocean Chapter 5 Sec 1 By Mr. Cook.
The Ocean Floor.
Warm Up What are the four minerals that compose salt water? 1. What are the four minerals that compose salt water? 2. What are the three reasons.
The Ocean Floor Foldable Notes
Ocean Landforms.
Exploring the Ocean. Why is the ocean difficult to study? 1.It is DEEP! 3.8 km (that’s twice as deep as the Grand Canyon) 2.It is DARK and COLD! (Only.
The ocean floor has many features.
The oceans are a connected system.
Chapter 3C Sections 1, 2, 3 MESSANA Science 8. Ocean Waters Contains NaCl, dissolved solids & gases (O2, N2, CO2) Salinity = 35g salt/1000g seawater Higher.
The Ocean Basins Section 2 Section 2: Features of the Ocean Floor Preview Objectives Features of the Ocean Floor Continental Margins Deep-Ocean Basins.
$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300.
The Ocean Basins Section 2 Preview  Key Ideas Key Ideas  Features of the Ocean Floor Features of the Ocean Floor  Continental Margins Continental Margins.
3 Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor Bathymetry= measuring ocean depths and charting the shape or topography of the ocean floor “Sounding” lines (started in.
Oceanography Chapter 14.
The Ocean Floor Chapter 13 Section 2.
The Earth’s Oceans A Dynamic System where many physical and chemical changes are taking place!
Unit 7 Chapter 23 The Ocean Basin.
Topography of the Ocean
Part I – Features of the Ocean Floor. Deep Ocean Basin Oceanic crust and thin sediment layer.
Chapter 19 Study Notes: The Ocean Basins. 1 A ________ ______ is part of the continental margin. A ________ ______ is part of the continental margin.
Chapter 11 The Oceans EQ: How are ocean floor features more spectacular than those on the continent? Standard S6E3c Describe the composition, location.
The Physiography of the Ocean Floor
The Ocean Floor 14.1 The Vast World Ocean.
Geology of the Seafloor.  Before the early 20 th century, study of the seafloor was impossible because: ◦ Humans cannot dive to the seafloor ◦ Limitations.
The Sea Floor And Its Sediments. Measuring the Depths Soundings – depth measurements Measured in fathoms ( 1 fathom = 6 feet) Early methods of taking.
What I will learn… (3-1) Describe how technologies help scientists map the ocean floor (3-2) Identify the following features on a sea floor map: continental.
Topography of the Ocean Floor.
The Oceans The Big Idea Earth’s Waters What are the causes of waves, currents, and tides?
The Ocean Floor Ch. 19.
Oceans: Floors, Exploration & Life
Exploring the Ocean Blue
Ocean Features.
Ocean Features.
Ocean Features.
Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor
Topography Is the study of Earth's surface shape and features.
Essential Question: How are the geological features that exist on land similar to the geological features on the ocean floor?
Oceanography.
Ocean Features.
The Ocean Floor Chapter 13 Section 2.
OCEANS.
The Ocean Basins.
Ocean Features.
Ocean Features.
Ocean Topography Chapter 13
Ocean Features.
Ocean Features.
Ocean Features.
Ocean Floor and Underwater Discovery
Presentation transcript:

Features of the Ocean Floor

Exploration Time Line 1915 Scientists aboard the German ship Meteor used sonar to map the ocean floor. They used the device called echo sounder to produce pulses of sound. The ships crew then timed the return of the echoes

German Ship Meteor

Exploration time line 1943 S CUB A Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented SCUBA, which stands for “Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus”. A tank containing compressed air is strapped to the diver’s back and connected by a tube to a mouthpiece. SCUBA enables divers to explore to a depth of 40 meters.

First SCUBA gear 1943

Exploration time line 1960submersibles Vehicles with very thick metal hulls protect explorers from extreme pressure and temperature, while enabling them to directly observe the ocean depths.

Alvin was the first deep-sea submersible capable of carrying passengers, usually a pilot and two observers. Its first untethered dive measured 35 ft. Now, after numerous upgrades and reconstructions, Alvin can plunge to a maximum depth of 14,764 ft.

Exploration Time Line 1978 Satellites 1978 Satellites Seasat A was the first satellite in Earth’s orbit to study the oceans. Since satellites make millions of observations a day, they provide data on rapidly changing and widespread ocean conditions. Such data include temperatures, algae growth patterns, and even the movement of large schools of fish.

Specific objectives were to collect data on sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric water, sea ice features and ocean topography

Features of the Ocean Floor Continental shelf: a gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor 1. The actual boundary of a continent is not its coastline, but the edge of the continental shelf. 2. Most continental shelves are broad, gently sloping plains covered by relatively shallow water. 3. Water depth over the continental shelves averages about 60 meters (200 feet). 4. Sunlight penetrates the shallow waters, and many kinds of organisms flourish—from microscopic shrimp to giant seaweed called kelp. 5. Ocean currents and runoff from rivers bring nutrients to organisms that live on continental shelves

Continental Slope 1. This marks the true edge of a continentment, where the rock that makes up the continent slops and the rock of the ocean floor begins. 2. The gradient of the slope is lowest off stable coasts without major rivers and highest off coasts with young mountain ranges and narrow continental shelves.rivers 3. Most Pacific slopes are steeper than Atlantic slopes. Gradients are flattest in the Indian Ocean.

Seamounts Mountains that are completely underwater. Seamounts - undersea mountains formed by volcanic activity - were once thought to be little more than hazards to submarine navigation. Today, scientists recognize these structures as biological hotspots that support a dazzling array of marine life. The biological richness of seamount habitats results from the shape of these undersea mountains. Thanks to the steep slopes of seamounts, nutrients are carried upwards from the depths of the oceans toward the sunlit surface, providing food for creatures ranging from corals to fish to crustaceans.

Abyssal Plain A broad area covered with thick layers of mud and silt. The plains are largest and most common in the Atlantic Ocean, less common in the Indian Ocean, and even rarer in the Pacific, where they occur mainly as the small, flat floors of marginal seas or as the narrow, elongate bottoms of trenches.Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

Mid-Ocean Ridge A continuous range of mountains that winds around Earth, much as the line of stitches winds around a baseball. At the top of the mid-ocean ridge, about 2 kilometers above the abyssal plain, but still 1 kilometer below the surface. It consists of two parallel chains of mountains separated by a central valley.

Sonar SNaR Sound Navigation and Ranging, is a system that uses sound waves to calculate the distance to an object. The sonar equipment on a ship sends out pulses of sound that bounce off the ocean floor. The equipment then measures how quickly the sound waves return to the ship. Sound waves take longer to return if the ocean floor is farther away.