Chapter 3
A word that substitutes for a noun A pronoun replaces an antecedent. The students talked in study hall; they received referrals. The English 9 students paid attention, and they did well on their test.
Know the chart on p. 48 for pronoun quiz (Wednesday, 11/13/13)! Most common type of pronoun Characterized by person, number, gender, and case
Subjective case pronouns are used as subjects, PNs, and appositives of subjects and PNs. Lydia and I are talking. She will go away this weekend. The speller of the week is she.
Objective case pronouns are used as objects (DO, IO, OP, and appositives of objects). She will visit them over the weekend. She will give them chocolate as a hostess gift.
Possessive case pronouns show ownership. They usually act as adjectives. My coat is in the closet. Possessive adjectives that are not used as adjectives are called independent possessives. Where is yours?
The coach gave Bryan and (I, me) a ride home. The same rules a apply, but sometimes it helps to read the sentence without the rest of the compound construction.
Elizabeth and (I, me) talked about Elizabeth’s favorite books. Between you and(I, me) I think that Lydia truly likes to read.
Case determined by the noun the app. is replacing We, Allie and (I, me), will be exclaiming over the exciting sentences in our grammar book. Pronouns will not intimidate (we, us), the ninth grade class.
Mention yourself last. Say you before third-person pronouns or nouns. Mention your hearer before anyone else. Megan and I will Between you and me You and Victoria What is the best order for these words: me, you, Chas?
Please bring me ________________. I need _________________. I do not need any of _________________. ________________ is my favorite pencil.
This- near That- far These- near Those- far
Who Whom Whose Which What Ask questions Don’t have antecedents
Who- subjective case Whom- objective case (Who/whom) is going to get a 100 on the test? With (who/whom) are you staying with for Thanksgiving?
End in –self or –selves Reflexive- reflect back to the subject; do, io, op; needed in the sentence Intensive- intensify a noun or pronoun; appositive; extra and unneeded
R or I? Jesus Himself healed the blind man. R or I? Julia asked herself questions to review for the test. Chart on p. 63
Don’t have antecedents Always singular- someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing, each, one, much, little, less Always plural- many, several, both, few, fewer
Look at the context of the sentence! The object of the preposition may be the key! Singular or plural? Most of the students will be at the parade. Singular or plural? Most of the world is water.
My grandfather owns an old pickup truck. The pickup truck is often used to take his grandchildren for a ride. Combined: My grandfather owns an old pickup truck, which he uses to take his grandchildren for a ride.
Who Whom Whose Which That Begin dependent clauses The antecedent of a relative pronoun will be outside the clause.
Emily Dickinson, who dressed only in white, wrote “It Sifts from Leaden Sieves.” “It Sifts from Leaden Sieves,” which is a puzzle poem, intrigues many who love poetry.
2 possible antecedents for a pronoun When Chas met Carter at the game, he was surprised. Lydia told Chelsea that she was ready for Christmas break.
A pronoun is too far away from its antecedent Tomorrow’ field trip will be a highlight of the year for 11 th and 12 th grades. There will be a tour of the Holocaust museum. Mr. Forbes is in charge of organizing everything. It should be fun for the students.
A pronoun should have a definite antecedent (unless it is an indefinite pronoun). I went to the doctor’s office yesterday, and my doctor said that I am healthy. This pleased me.
They say that exercise improves help. In the Bible, it says that Christians should seek to do everything for the glory of God. You need to know how to write in college.