The Legacy of Ancient Greece By: Mr. Tsolomitis

Modern Language and Literature “Alphabet” is a combination of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet. Greek roots: “tel” (meaning far off) and phone (meaning voice) Punctuation, grammar, paragraphs. Drama (comedy and tragedy) History (Herodotus and Thucydides)

Government Birthplace of democracy Practice of having citizens serve on juries began in Athens Several key differences: o We elect representatives to speak and make laws, but in Athens everyone debated and voted on issues. o Women and immigrants can be citizens today, but in Athens, only native- born men could be citizens.

Medicine and the Human Body Hippocrates, “the father of modern medicine” Changed belief about illnesses away from “punishments sent by the gods” to “natural causes” Taught students to be observant about their patients. Hippocratic oath Name/describe organs, the heart pumps blood, and the brain is the center of the nervous system.

Mathematics Pythagoras: numbers are the key to understanding nature Geometry: “to measure land.” Euclid really created the textbook on geometry. Hypatia was the first famous female mathematician

Astronomy Astro means “star” Aristarchus suggested that the Earth moves around the sun instead of everything moving around the Earth Hipparchus is the greatest astronomer of the ancient world Discovered and named more than 850 stars in the sky. Estimated distances between the Earth and the sun and moon, allowing us to predict eclipses.

Geography Geography means “writing about the earth.” Ptolemy was greatest geographer of ancient Greece. Wrote a book that listed over 8,000 places and maps that show how to represent a curved earth on a flat surface. Latitude and longitude to describe locations on the surface of the Earth

Understanding of Plants and Animals Greeks learned about the human body by studying those of animals Identified many types of plants and their parts Used herbs and other natural things to heal people. Discovered how plants reproduce. Aristotle was a naturalist, studied many types of plants and animals. o Classified animals as those having or not having backbones.

Architecture Architecture means “master builder” Pediments and friezes Many public buildings (libraries, schools, churches, museums, etc.) and/or government structures use Greek styles. Covered porches come from the Greek stoa, a covered line of columns.

Theater Theater means “a viewing place” Invented special effects (hoists to lift actors, revolving scenery, etc.) Many Greek dramas survive and are performed and adapted all over the world.

Sports Olympic Games were first held in 776 B.C.E. to honor Zeus Opening ceremony and Olympic flame are customs from ancient times. Pentathlon is Greek for “five contests,” which included a foot-race, discus throw, long jump, javelin, and wrestling. o Meant to be a test of all-around athletic skill o Still an event in today’s Olympics, but the contests are different.