World History to Present Day SOL Review

1. Renaissance “Rebirth” of classical knowledge “Birth”of the modern world Spread of the Renaissance from the Italian city-states to northern Europe

Contributions of the Renaissance Accomplishments in the visual arts: Michelangelo: Italian artist Famous for: Statue of David The Sistine Chapel

Leonardo da Vinci: Italian artist, sculptor, and inventor ( Renaissance Man) Famous for: Mona Lisa Last Supper

Literature Accomplishments William Shakespeare - Sonnets - 14 line poems Plays and essays English writer who wrote: Invented over 2,000 words

Accomplishments in Intellectual Ideas Erasmus -European humanist Humanist - Thinkers who studied classical text and focused on human potential and achievement

Moveable type, printing press Production and sales of books - first book, Gutenberg Bible 2. What helped to disseminate ideas?

3. Where is the concentration of each of these religions found around 1500 and Today: Judaism : Middle East and Europe Holy Book - Torah Christianity :Europe and Middle East Holy Book - Bible

Hinduism : India and SE Asia Buddhism- 1500: East and SE Asia Islam -1500: Parts of Asia, Africa and Southern Europe Holy Book - Quran

Judaism - Today: Christianity - Today:

Hinduism - Today: Buddhism- Today: Islam -Today:

4. What were the regional trading patterns around 1500? Silk Road - running from Asia to Europe Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean Western European sea and river trade

Trans-Sahara Routes across Africa Northern European links to the Black Sea

5. Why were trading patterns important? Exchange of products and ideas (**Cultural Diffusion)

India & Middle East - Textiles and numerical system (**Hindu-Arabic Numerals) 6. By 1500, what technological and scientific advancements had been made and exchanged? China - Paper, compass, silk and porcelain

Scientific transfer- Medicine, astronomy, and mathematics 7. What were problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity? Merchants challenged the Church’s view of usury.

German and English nobility did not like the Italian domination of the Church. Catholic Churches wealth and political power. Church’s corruption and sale of indulgences.

8. Martin Luther His View – Salvation by faith alone, Bible is the ultimate authority, All humans equal before God. Actions - 95 Thesis and birth of the Protestant Church (Lutheran)

9. John Calvin Views - Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic Actions - Expansion of the Protestant movement

10. King Henry VIII View - Dismissed the authority of the Pope of Rome Actions - Divorced, broke with Rome, headed the national Church of England

11. What were the major issues involved in the Reformation? North German Princes converted to Protestantism Hapsburgs - Supported the Catholic Church Thirty Years War - Protestant vs. Catholics

13. Reformation in France Huguenots - French Protestants Edict of Nantes – religious toleration granted by Henry IV and taken away by Louis XIV Cardinal Richelieu - changed the focus of the Thirty Years War from religious to political

14. Catholic Counter Reform Jesuits - Society of Jesus spread Catholic doctrines Inquisition - reinforce Catholic Doctrine

15. Changes that occurred during the Reformation? Secularism – religious affairs should be separated from public affairs Individual – the needs of the individual is seen as important Religious tolerance (i.e. Edict of Nantes and Elizabeth I)

Growth of Literacy Bible printed in English, French, and German 16. Role of the Printing Press? **Had an impact on spreading the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation

Test You Knowledge 1. Who became head of the Anglican Church? A. Henry XVIII B. Elizabeth I C. Louis XIV

2. Which family continued to support the Roman Catholic Church? A. Hapsburgs B. Gutenbergs C. Luthers

3. Who wrote the 95 Thesis expressing his objections regarding indulgences? A. John Calvin B. John Locke C. Martin Luther

4. Who was considered the “Renaissance Man” and painted the Mona Lisa? A. da Vinci B. Michelangelo C. Erasmus

5.John Calvin believed in predestination, which is the belief that ____ A. Human salvation can only be won through faith in God’s goodness B. God knows who will attain salvation even before they’re born C. Human are sinful by nature

6. The Renaissance movement that focused on human potential and achievement? A. Humanism B. Realism C. Nationalism

7. In 1500, the largest concentration of people who practiced Buddhism lived in? A. SE Africa B. SE Asia C. NW Europe

8. The life centered around the Quran is what religion? A. Judaism B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Buddhism

9. Henry VIII wanted his marriage annulled because___ A. Thought she was a poor mother B. Wanted a male heir and marry a younger women C. Wanted to form a political alliance with France

10. The printing press was responsible for all of the following except___ A. Growth of literacy B. Spread of the Reformation C. da Vinci’s fame D. Spread of the Renaissance

17. Why was Europeans interested in exploring new lands? Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources Support diffusion of Christianity Competition between European Empires

18. Henry the Navigator Navigational School Portugal 19. Vasco da Gama Portugal Found a direct route to India

20. Christopher Columbus 21. Hernando Cortes Spain Reaches the Caribbean and Americas Spain Destroys the Aztecs in Mexico

22. Francisco Pizarro Spain Destroys the Incas in Peru 23. Ferdinand Magellan Spain Claims the Philippines for Spain First explorer to circumnavigate the globe

24. Francis Drake 25. Jacques Cartier English Pirate Second explorer to circumnavigate the globe France Reaches the eastern coast of Canada.

Names the St. Lawrence River Names the island he discovers, Mount Royal - Montreal 26. Means of diffusion of Christianity? Migration of colonist to new lands Conversion of indigenous people – make all the natives Christians

27. What were the affects of migration to the Americas? End of Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs. Expansion of territories claimed by Europe Forced migration of African slaves

28. What were the affects of migration of Africa? European trading post along coast. Trade in slaves, gold, …… Import corn and peanuts

Influence on trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, and British) 29. What were the affects of migration of Asia? Colonization of India, the Indies, and China

30. Impact of the Columbian Exchange? European lifestyle changes due to the import of corn, potatoes, and tobacco.

Impact on the Americas: European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians. European diseases like smallpox killed many American Indians.

Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to use of African slaves. Slavery was based on race European plantation system destroyed indigenous economies and damaged their environment.

31. Triangular Trade Linked Europe, Africa, and Americas to trade: slaves, sugar, and rum Europe Rum Africa Slaves Americas Sugar

32. Precious metals exported out of Americas? Gold and Silver

Present day Turkey 33. Ottoman Empire Locations: Asia Minor Constantinople becomes Istanbul Asia Minor =

34. Where does it expand to? SW Asia SE Europe Balkan Peninsula North Africa

35. Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire now becomes? Istanbul, capital of the Ottoman Empire. Trade Coffee and Ceramics

36. Location of Mughal Empire? North India

37. Contribution of the Mughal Empire? Spread of Islam into India Taj Mahal Trading Post – England, Portuguese, and Netherlands Indian Textiles

38. Why China limits trade with Europe? Europe wants tea and porcelain

39. Why does Japan limits trade with Europe? Shogun – Military Ruler, limits trade. Remains isolated to limit foreign influence. U.S. ends Japanese isolation by sending in Matthew Perry

1.Location of the Mughal Empire? A.The Middle East B.Northern China C.India D.Japan

2.The Triangular Trade linked A.Africa, Asia, Europe B. Africa, Americas, Europe C. Americas, Europe, Asia

3.Founder of the Navigational School? A.Prince Henry B.Vasco da Gama C. Herndando Cortes

4.Which of the following was not a contribution of the Mughal Empire? A. Taj Mahal B. Textiles C. Porcelain

5.Which of the following items was not an import to the Americas? A. Horses B. Tobacco C. Cattle

6.Which of the following items was exported to Europe from the Americas? A. Corn B. Ivory C. Tea

7.Who claimed the Philippines for Spain? A. Ferdinand Magellan B. Hernando Cortes C. Francisco Pizarro

8.What present day country did the Incans live? A. Mexico B. Guatemala C. Peru